基于~(137)Cs法对小流域侵蚀特征的研究

利用~(137)Cs示踪技术,研究了戴家沟小流域不同土地利用类型和地貌部位的侵蚀特征.结果表明:不同土地利用方式下土壤~(137)Cs的面积活度大小依次表现为马尾松林,经济林,农耕地,灌木林;不同地貌部位的土壤~(137)Cs的面积活度大小依次表现为坡脚,坡中,坡顶;排除分布不均的土地利用类型(农耕地、裸岩地),各地貌部位土壤侵蚀模数大小依次为:坡中,坡顶,坡脚.流域内平均侵蚀模数为:897.37 t/(km~2·a),裸岩地侵蚀模数达9 240 t/(km~2·a),农耕地侵蚀模数达1 056.43 t/(km~2·a),在小流域土壤侵蚀防治中裸岩地、农耕地仍是治理的关键.

Abstract：

The ~(137)Cs tracer technology was used to study the soil erosion features for different land usage types and landform positions in Daijiagou small catchment of Chongqing. The results showed that ~(137)Cs activity per unit area for different land use types was in the order of masson pine forest＞ economic forest＞farmland＞ shrub land and in the order of foot slope ＞ middle slope position ＞ slope crest for different landform positions; and soil erosion modulus size appeared in the order of middle slope position＞ slope crest ＞ foot slope. The average erosion modulus within the catchment was 897.37 t/(km~2·a), the erosion modulus of uncovered rock land was as high as 9 240 t/(km~2·a), while that of farmland was 1 056.43 t/(km~2·a). Therefore, the control of soil erosion on uncovered rock land and farmland should be the key link in the prevention and control of soil erosion of the small catchment.

Study of the Erosion Features of Small Watersheds Based on ~(137)Cs Tracer