长期水淹对枫杨幼苗光合生理和叶绿素荧光特性的影响

为阐明枫杨对三峡库区消落区土壤不同含水量的适应机理,模拟三峡库区消落区土壤水分变化特征,设置了常规土壤水分(T1)、土壤水分饱和(T2)及根部水淹(T3)3个不同条件处理组,研究了枫杨当年实生幼苗的光合色素含量、光合生理和叶绿素荧光特性.研究结果发现:经过1 a水淹后,土壤不同含水量对枫杨幼苗光合色素、气体交换参数、资源利用效率和叶绿素荧光参数有不同的影响,其中T2、T3的气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)与对照组T1相比没有显著变化;而其净光合速率(Pn)、光能利用效率(LUE)、CO_2利用效率(CUE)显著下降(p＜0.05),但T3组枫杨幼苗仍然具有较高的Pn,LUE,CUE;随着水淹强度的增大,枫杨幼苗的PSⅡ最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ光化学的量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学淬灭(qP)逐渐降低,非光化学淬灭(NPQ)逐渐升高.研究证实枫杨幼苗在经过长达1 a水淹后,仍然表现出较高的光合能力,是一种可以用于三峡库区消落区植被构建的优良植物物种.

Abstract：

Three water treatments, T1 (normal growth condition), T2 (soil water saturation), T3 (the root-distributed soil layer being completely submerged) were made in a simulation experiment to determine the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Pterocarya stenoptera seedlings and to study the adaptation of P. stenoptera to the soil moisture conditions in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. Differences were found after 1 year's flooding among the three treatments in content of photosynthetic pigments, leaf gas exchange parameters, apparent resource use efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of P. stenoptera. Stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), intercellular CO_2 concentration (Ci) and the water use efficiency (WUE) of the plants in T2 and T3 treatments did not decrease significantly compared to those in the control treatment (T1). Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), light use efficiency (LUE) and CO_2 use efficiency(CUE) of the plants in T2 and T3 were significantly lower than those in control plants(p＜0.05), but the plants in T3 still had relatively high Pn, LUE and CUE. With increasing flooding intensity, the potential efficiency of primary conversion flight energy of PS Ⅱ (F_v/F_m), quantum yield of PS Ⅱ photochemistry (ΦPS Ⅱ ) and photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) of P. stenoptera seedlings decreased and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) increased. These results indicated that P. stenoptera is a promising tree species for revegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area since its seedlings maintained considerably high Pn after 1 year's flooding.

Effects of Long-Term Flooding on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Pterocarya stenoptera Seedlings