干旱胁迫对云烟87产量及其化学成分的影响

江西植烟季节,前期降雨量多,后期阶段性干旱时发,干旱不仅影响烤烟产量,而且严重影响烤烟品质。为解决不同干旱程度对云烟87产量和化学成分的影响,2009—2010年设置了烤烟团棵期、旺长期和现蕾期3个生育期的干旱长度:干旱7,10,13,16 d、长期干旱、CK(对照)6个处理,采用盆栽防雨棚控水试验。结果表明:干旱7,10,13,16 d,3个生育期平均单株产量分别下降9.2%、14.4%、19.3%和27%。干旱7 d,团棵期还原糖和全磷分别下降2.39%和5.56%,烟碱含量增加6.11%,旺长期全钾含量下降1.54%,总氮含量增加4.45%;干旱16 d,现蕾期还原糖和全钾含量分别下降31.57%和31.32%,总氮含量升高了47.56%,烟碱含量增加了46.35%,旺长期全磷含量下降29.86%。随着干旱时间的增长,对产量影响最大的是团棵期,影响最小的是现蕾期。而对化学成分的影响团棵期小,现蕾期大。云烟87能耐半个月之内的干旱,超过半个月,产量减少近1/3,总氮和烟碱含量增加1倍。

The Effect of Drought Stress on Yield and Chemical Components in Yunyan87

In the tobacco season in Jiangxi Province,rainfall is often in the early stage and drought is in the late stage.Drought not only affects tobacco yield,but also seriously affects the quality of flue-cured tobacco.To reduce the effect of drought of different degrees on yield and chemical components of Yunyan87,six drought treatments were conducted by using pot cultivation and rain&water control technique in three growth periods(resettling growth stage,vigorously growing stage and budding stage) during 2009 to 2010: drought of 7 d,10 d,13 d,16 d,prolonged drought and CK(compare).The results showed that the average yield per plant under drought of 7 d,10 d,13 d and 16 d in the three growth periods decreased by 9.2%,14.4%,19.3% and 27% respectively.Under drought of 7d,sugar and total phosphorus in the resettling growth stage decreased by 2.39% and 5.56% respectively but nicotine content increased by 6.11%,and total potassium content in the vigorously growing stage decreased by 1.54% while total nitrogen content increased by 4.45%. Under drought of 16 d,sugar and total potassium in the budding stage decreased by 31.57% and 31.32% respectively,and total nitrogen and nicotine content increased by 47.56% and 46.35% respectively,and total phosphorus content in the vigorously growing stage decreased by 29.86%.With prolonging the drought time,the largest influence on yield was in the resettling growth stage,while the smallest influence was in the budding stage.However,the largest influence on the chemical components was just contrary to that on the yield,i.e.smallest in the resettling growth stage while largest in the budding stage.Drought-tolerant time of Yunyan 87 was less than two weeks.If drought time surpassed half a month,the yield decreased nearly one third,while total nitrogen and nicotine content doubled.