微喷灌与陶瓷渗灌互补装置设计与试验

针对农果复合种植中农作物和果树的根系深度、灌溉时间和灌水量等指标存在明显差异，采用传统单一灌溉方式难以同时兼顾果树深根和套种作物浅根的灌溉问题，以实现深浅根高效灌溉为目标，开发一种基于水压控制的微喷灌与陶瓷渗灌互补装置。在对装置进行整体结构设计的基础上，重点对3个核心部件：渗灌压力转换器、微喷压力转换器和伸缩装置进行优化配置。对渗灌压力转换器开展二因素六水平全试验优化设计，优选出渗灌压力转换器中弹性膜片的硬度（70HA）和厚度（1.5mm），该条件下，可使地下灌溉的工作压力范围为0.015~0.055MPa，流量10L/h，流态指数为0.004。在对微喷压力转换器进行结构设计的基础上，确定弹簧劲度系数为1.500N/m，可保证微喷头在低压下(小于0.066MPa)不喷水，理论推导出伸缩装置的临界伸长压力为0.066MPa，与试验结果（当水压达到0.066MPa时，伸缩装置开始伸长，0.15MPa时伸缩装置升至最高点，微喷头开始稳定工作）相符。制作出微喷灌与陶瓷渗灌互补装置实物模型，参照国家标准进行性能测试，并将模型应用在日光温室，结果表明：本装置以水压0.066MPa为界，低压渗灌灌溉果树深根，高压微喷灌灌溉套种作物浅根系，互补灌溉功能良好，土壤剖面含水率实测值满足设计预期。该研究可为农果复合林深、浅根的高效灌溉提供有效解决方案。

Structural Design and Performance Test of Telescopic Micro-sprinkler Irrigation and Ceramic Infiltration Irrigation Complementary Device

In view of the obvious differences in root depth, irrigation time and irrigation amount between crops and fruit trees in agroforestry, it is difficult to take into account the irrigation problems of deep roots of fruit trees and shallow roots of interplanting crops by traditional single irrigation method. In order to achieve efficient irrigation of deep and shallow roots, a complementary device of micro-sprinkler irrigation and ceramic infiltration irrigation based on water pressure control was developed. On the basis of the overall structure design of the device, the optimal configuration of the three core components: ceramic subsurface irrigation pressure converter, micro-sprinkler pressure converter and telescopic device was focused. The hardness (70HA) and thickness (1.5mm) of the elastic diaphragm in the ceramic subsurface irrigation pressure converter were optimized through the full test of two factors and six levels. Under this condition, the working pressure range of underground irrigation can be 0.015~0.055MPa, and the flow rate was 10L/h. Based on the structure design of the micro sprinkler pressure converter, the spring stiffness coefficient was 1500N/m, which can ensure that the micro nozzle did not spray water under low pressure (less than 0.066MPa). The critical elongation pressure of the telescopic device was 0.066MPa, which was consistent with the test results: when the water pressure reached 0.066MPa, the telescopic pipe began to extend. When it was 0.15MPa, the telescopic pipe rose to the highest point, and the micro nozzle started to work stably. On the basis of the above, the physical model of the micro-sprinkler irrigation and ceramic infiltration irrigation complementary device was made, and the performance test was carried out according to the national standards, and the model was applied in the greenhouse, the results showed that the device with 0.066MPa water pressure as the boundary, the deep roots of fruit trees were irrigated by low-pressure ceramic infiltration irrigation, and shallow roots were irrigated by high-pressure micro sprinkler irrigation. The complementary irrigation function was good, and the measured soil moisture content met the design expectations. The research result can provide an effective solution for efficient irrigation of deep and shallow roots in agroforestry.