Maternal treatment with somatotropin alters embryonic development and early postnatal growth of pigs |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medicine and Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Excellence Campus for Higher Education and Research “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain;2. Institute for Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), Campus de Ciencias de La Salud, Carretera Buenavista S/n, 30120 El, Palmar, Murcia, Spain;3. Department of Clinical & Experimental Medicine (IKE), Linköping University, Campus US, 58183, Linköping, Sweden;4. Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA;1. Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Hultz Hall 166, Dept. 7630, PO Box 6050, Fargo 58108, USA;2. Northern Agricultural Research Center, Montana State University, 3710 Assinniboine Road, Havre 59501, USA;3. USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center 68933, USA;4. Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA;1. Primate Unit & Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa;2. Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa;1. USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, USA;2. Animal Science Department, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil;3. Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA;4. Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA;1. Centre Suisse d’Electronique et de Microtechnique SA (CSEM), Landquart 7302, Switzerland;2. Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland;3. Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland |
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| Abstract: | A possible management strategy to alter fetal development and enhance sow productivity and progeny performance was examined by maternal administration of porcine somatotropin during early gestation. Eighteen crossbred gilts were bred naturally to boars of similar genetics, and pregnancy was confirmed between Days 21 and 24 of gestation by ultrasound. All animals were allowed ad libitum consumption of a 16% CP gestation diet through Day 21 of gestation and 3.0 kg/d for the remainder of gestation. Gilts were injected twice daily with 0 (n = 10) or 15 μg/kg body weight (BW) (n = 10; total, 30 μg/kg BW per d) pituitary-derived porcine somatotropin (pST) during Days 28 to 40 of gestation. Data were collected postmortem during embryonic, neonatal, and market-weight phases. At 41 d of gestation, pST treatment increased embryonic survival (87.9 versus 77.0%; P < 0.05) and embryo crown rump lengths (77.96 versus 65.14 mm; P < 0.01), but embryo weight was not altered (10.15 and 9.03 g; P > 0.10). Pigs from pST-treated gilts had increased (P < 0.01) crown rump lengths at birth (31.5 versus 30.4 cm) and 21 d (50.9 versus 48.4 cm). However, no differences were observed in birth or 21-d weights as a result of pST treatment (P > 0.10). Neonatal carcasses of progeny (20 kg BW) from the pST-treated gilts had heavier semitendinosus muscles (76.1 versus 66.0 g; P < 0.10), larger longissimus muscle cross-sectional area (10.1 versus 8.2 cm2; P < 0.05), longer sides (51.2 versus 47.9 cm; P < 0.001), and decreased 10th rib backfat (6.67 versus 8.64 mm; P < 0.001) compared with those of controls. Carcasses of market-weight progeny (100 kg BW) from pST-treated gilts had larger longissimus muscle cross-sectional area (P < 0.10), heavier trimmed loins (P < 0.10), and longer carcass sides (P < 0.05). Data are supportive of a hypothesis that mechanisms during early embryonic development are sensitive to manipulation through selected management strategies of the sow and that modifications of this strategy may serve as a model for the examination of molecular and cellular events controlling early embryonic growth. |
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