普通玉米3个籽粒品质性状的配合力分析

以10个普通玉米自交系及其90个杂交组合在北京和山西2个地点的试验数据，分析了蛋白质、淀粉和油分含量的配合力效应。结果表明：(1) 各性状的一般配合力(GCA和特殊配合力(SCA) 均方极显著，且GCA均方大于SCA均方，说明它们在遗传上主要受加性基因效应的影响。(2) 杂交种的3个品质性状与亲本GCA平均值和SCA极显著正相关，但与亲本GCA均值间的相关性相对较强，其相关系数(r)分别为0.708**(蛋白质)、0.756**(淀粉)和0.772**(油分)，表明提高亲本GCA对改良杂交种品质具有更大的作用。(3) 自交系BT1和E28的蛋白质含量GCA较高，掖478、昌7-2、掖107和48-2的淀粉含量GCA较高，E28、黄C和P138的油分含量GCA较高。

Combining Ability for Protein, Starch and Oil Contents in Inbred Lines of Normal Maize (Zea mays L.)

The objective of this study was to estimate combining ability for protein, starch and oil content. 10 elite inbred lines of normal maize were used as parents in a complete diallel mating design. Parental lines and their 90 reciprocal crosses were evaluated in field trials conducted in Beijing and Shanxi in 2002. In the materials under studied, mean squares duo to general combining ability （GCA） and specific combining ability （SCA） were highly statistically significant for three traits. Furthermore, GCA mean square was found to be much larger than SCA for these quality traits, suggesting that they were mainly controlled by additive gene action in their inheritance. Results of correlation analysis showed that hybrid per se was positively related to the mean GCA of two parents and SCA, while a stronger correlation was found between the hybrid and the mean GCA of two parents, with r-values of 0.708＊＊, 0.756＊＊and 0.772＊＊ for protein, starch and oil content, respectively, indicating that increased GCA of the parents was more important for improving the grain quality of the hybrid. Estimates of GCA effects revealed that inbred lines BT1 and E28 had higher GCA values for protein; Ye478, Chang 7-2, Ye107 and 48-2 for starch, and E28, Huang C and P138 for oil content among the 10 inbred lines.