簇毛麦染色体通过硬粒小麦—簇毛麦双二倍体与普通小麦杂种F1的雌雄配子传递的研究

利用“单株植物C－带技术”,对6x小簇麦与普通小麦的杂种F2和回交BC1世代的染色体结构进行观察，研究了簇毛麦染色体在杂种后代中 的传递行为。结果表明，在大多数杂种组合中，簇毛麦染色体通过雌配子的传递行为是随机的，并显著高于通过雄配子的概率，但在含有小麦亲本‘J－11‘的杂种组合中情况不同，簇毛麦染色体在这个杂种组合中通过雌、雄配子的传递率都是随机的。说明簇毛麦染色体的传递受杂种F1中小麦亲本的影响，推测在小麦亲本‘J－11‘中可能存在一个影响簇毛麦染色本通过雄配子传递的基因。单个簇毛麦染色体的传递与6x小簇麦作为父本或母本有关。通过雌雄配子传递中，以4V和7V染色体的传递频率最高，而3V的传递频率最低。本研究结果表明，在用6x小簇麦作为桥梁转移簇毛麦有利基因，创制杂种F1时，最好以普通小麦为父本，并且F3和BC1F2是关键的选择世代。

Transmission of Dasypyrum Villosum Chromosomes through F1 Gametes in the Triticum Durum-Dasypyrum Villosum Amphiploid×Common Wheat Hybrid Populations

Several F2 populations of Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum amphiploid×common wheat hybrids and BC1 generations to respective wheat and amphiploid parents were cytologically analyzed on plant-by-plant using Giemsa C-banding technique to examine the transmission patterns of Dasypyrum villosum chromosomes. The data indicate that transmission rates of the D.villosum chromosomes through the egg cells are random in all hybrid populations and significantly higher than those through pollens in most of combinations. In other words, when the F1 hybrid plants in which wheat line ‘J-11', a wheat landrace from Sichuan is used as one of parent, is pollinated to wheat or amphiploid eggs, the transmission rates of D.villosum chromosomes do not deviate from the random pattern as the same as its reciprocal cross, suggesting that the transmission rates of D.villosum chromosomes depend upon the wheat parent used in the F1 hybrids, and there might be a gene on certain chromosome of wheat line ‘J-11' affecting the D.villosum chromosome transmission through the pollen. The transmission rate of individual D.villosum chromosome varies depending on the direction of the backcross made. 4V and 7V is the most frequently and 3V the least frequently observed. These results suggest that it is the best to use wheat pollen for the transmission of D.villosum chromosomes through the egg cells of the F1 hybrids. The F3 and BC1F2 generations of the T.durum-D.villosum amphiploid×wheat hybrids might be the critical generations from which to select useful materials for wheat improvement.