不同覆盖方式对旱地马铃薯叶片抗氧化生理及产量的影响

为探究西北半干旱雨养条件下不同覆盖措施对旱地马铃薯增产及抗性生理的影响,以‘陇薯7号’为材料,设置了玉米秸秆带状覆盖(SM)、地膜覆盖(PM)和无覆盖对照(CK)3种栽培方式,研究了不同处理下马铃薯植株叶片抗氧化酶活性、渗透调节物质和膜脂过氧化物含量、产量及其构成要素的差异。结果表明:SM显著提高马铃薯植株细胞清除自由基和过氧化氢的能力,维持了较高的渗透性。SM较PM和CK处理分别显著增加过氧化物酶(POD)活性23.0%和62.6%,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性10.2%和28.3%,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性11.4%和38.1%,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量23.7%和11.7%。SM和PM分别较CK增产15.9%和34.0%,覆盖显著提高单薯重是增产的主要原因。灰色关联度分析结果表明,SM处理产量与CAT和SOD活性高度关联,与POD和SOD活性中度关联,而PM处理产量仅与Pro含量高度关联。可见,秸秆带状覆盖在提高马铃薯叶片抗氧化能力,延缓植株衰老,提高产量方面有显著效果,可供半干旱秸秆资源丰富地区推广应用。

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Leaves Antioxidant Physiology and Tuber Yield of Potato in Dryland

In order to investigate the effects of different mulching measures on the yield increase and antioxidant physiology of potatoes under the conditions of semi-arid rain-fed in northwest China,Three cultivation measures of maize straw strip mulching(SM),plastic film mulching(PM)and non-mulching(CK)were set up with'Longshu 7'as the material.The effects of different treatments on antioxidant enzyme activities,osmotic regulation substances and membrane lipid peroxide content,tuber yield and its components of potato plants were studied.The results showed that SM treatment significantly improved the ability of potato plant cells to remove free radicals,hydrogen peroxide and maintained high cell permeability.Compared with PM and CK treatments,SM treatment significantly increased peroxidase(POD)by 23.0%and 62.6%,superoxide dismutase(SOD)by 10.2%and 28.3%,and catalase(CAT)by 11.4%and 38.1%,respectively,reduced malondialdehyde content by 23.7%and 11.7%,respectively.SM and PM significantly increased tuber yield by 15.9%and 34.0%when compared with CK,respectively,and significantly increased the weight of single tuber was the main reason for the increase yield in mulching treatments.The grey relational analysis results indicated that the tuber yield in SM highly correlated with CAT and SOD activity,moderately correlated with POD and SOD activity,while the yield in PM was only highly correlated with Pro content.SM had remarkable effects on improving the antioxidant capacity of potato leaves,delaying the plant senescence and increasing the tuber yield,which can be used for promotion and application in the regions with abundant semi-arid straw resources.