游离氨基酸对褐鳟和金鳟精子活力的影响

为探究体外储存条件下游离氨基酸(FAA)对鳟鱼精子活力的影响,分析褐鳟(Salmo trutta)和金鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)精液中FAA组成,通过向人工精液保存液(ASP)中添加不同种类氨基酸孵育褐鳟和金鳟精子,孵育1、24、48、72和96 h后,研究FAA对精子活力的影响(定义为孵育后可激活活力)。结果表明,褐鳟精浆FAA主要为缬氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸及甲硫氨酸,其精子FAA主要为天冬氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酸及丝氨酸。金鳟精浆和精子中主要FAA为精氨酸。当精子与精浆孵育48 h后,两种鱼的氨基酸含量与组成模式均发生变化,发生新陈代谢。丝氨酸、异亮氨酸及甲硫氨酸+异亮氨酸对两种鱼的精子活力有积极影响,在一定时间内能够通过添加可FAA延续精子活力,解决鳟鱼雌雄成熟不同步问题,提高受精效果,对鳟鱼苗种繁育及养殖具有重要意义。

Effect of free amino acids on sperm motility of Brown trout(Salmo trutta) and Golden trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)

In order to investigate the effect of free amino acids(FAA) on sperm viability of trout in vitro, the composition of FAA in semen of Brown trout(Salmo trutta) and Golden trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) was analyzed. The sperm of Brown trout and Golden trout were incubated with different kinds of amino acids in artificial semen preservation solution(ASP). The effects of FAA on sperm viability were studied after incubation for 1, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours(defined as viability activated after incubation).The results showed that the main FAA of Brown trout sperm was valine, leucine, arginine, isoleucine,lysine, serine and methionine, and the main FAA of Brown trout sperm was aspartic acid, arginine,glutamic acid and serine. The main FAA in seminal plasma and sperm of Golden trout was arginine.When sperm and seminal plasma were incubated together for 48 hours, the amino acid content and composition pattern of the two fish changed, indicating that they were metabolized. Serine, isoleucine and methionine plus isoleucine had positive effects on sperm motility of two kinds of fish. In a certain period of time, FAA could be added to prolong sperm motility and solve the problem of asynchronism between male and female maturation of trout in order to achieve the best fertilization effect, which had great significance for trout seedling breeding and aquaculture production.