分段式分层深松后铲设计与试验

垄作秸秆还田条件下,为降低底层土壤扰动量,提高表层秸秆扰动入垄沟量,设计一种分段式分层深松后铲。分段式分层深松后铲下段铲柄为圆弧形,通过滑推分析和铲柄与秸秆相互作用力学分析设计上段铲柄。为验证设计合理性,应用EDEM软件分析所设计分层深松铲与普通分层深松铲对于底层土壤和表层秸秆扰动规律。通过分析分层深松对于土壤与秸秆扰动位移确定试验因素,运用4因素3水平正交试验方法,以前铲铲尖类型、后铲铲尖类型、前后铲间距和前进速度为影响因素,以底层土壤扰动率和秸秆入垄沟率为评价指标,对设计分层深松铲作田间优化试验。结果表明,前铲铲尖为双翼型、后铲铲尖为凿型、前后铲间距为300 mm、前进速度为3km·h-1时设计分层深松铲作业效果最优。优化设计分层深松铲与普通分层深松铲田间性能对比试验结果表明,优化设计分层深松铲整体性能更优,满足垄作秸秆还田条件下耕作要求,可为分层深松铲设计与优化提供借鉴。

Design and experiment of segmented layered rear subsoiler

Undering the condition of ridge and straw returning, in order to reduce the disturbance of the bottom soil and increase the amount of straw disturbance into the furrow, a segmented layered rear subsoiler was designed. The lower shovel handle of the segmented layered rear subsoiler has a circular arc shape, and the upper shovel handle is designed by sliding analysis and mechanical analysis of the interaction between the shovel handle with the straw. In order to verify the rationality of the design, the EDEM software was used to analyze the designed layered subsoiling shovel and ordinary layered subsoiling shovel for the bottom soil and surface straw disturbance. The experimental factors were determined by analyzing the disturbance displacement of soil and straw caused by layered subsoiling. By using the four-factor and three-level orthogonal test method, the front shovel tip type, rear shovel tip type, front and rear shovel spacing and forward speed as the influencing factors, and the bottom soil disturbance rate, straw into the furrow rate as the evaluation indices, the field optimization experiment of the designed layered subsoiling shovel was carried out. The optimization experiment results was that the front shovel tip was double-wing type, rear shovel tip was chisel type, the front and rear shovel spacing was 300 mm, forward speed was 3 km · h-1. Field performance comparison experiment between the designed layered subsoiling shovel and the ordinary layered subsoiling shovel,showed that the optimized design of the layered subsoiling shovel has better overall performance and met the requirements of ploughing and straw returning. It could provide reference for the design and optimization of the layered subsoiling shovel.