金针菇优良杂交菌株选育研究

以金针菇颜色控制位点纯合白色品种和杂合黄色品种为亲本,选择强生长势单核菌株单-单杂交,利用双重荧光染色法鉴定单核菌株和杂交菌株真实性。从真实性杂交菌株中筛选生理生化特性差异较大及农艺性状优良杂交菌株。结果表明,多数杂交菌株同工酶谱带与亲本不同,少数与亲本相同但迁移率不同。杂交菌株与亲本相似系数在0.80以下时,生育期或产量更易表现超亲遗传。杂交菌株子实体颜色分为白色和浅黄色两类,其中白色杂交菌株产量表现超双亲遗传较多。筛选出商品性状优良且早熟6 d、增产4.7%白色杂交菌株HB17;商品性状良好且增产15.1%白色杂交菌株HB47;商品性状良好且增产14.4%浅黄色杂交菌株HB13。

Study on breeding of excellent hybrid strains of Flammulina velutipes

White cultivar of Flammulina velutipes with homozygous loci on color-controled gene and yellow cultivar with heterozygous loci were selected as parents for crossing, the monokaryotic strains with strong growth potential were selected for mon-mon hybridization, the authenticity of the monokaryotic strains and the hybrids(dikaryotic strains) were identified by double fluorescent staining.Hybrids with different physiological and biochemical characteristics and agronomic traits were screened from authentic hybrids. The results showed that the isozyme bands of most hybrids were different from their parents, and few hybrids were identical to their parents but the migration rates were different. If the similarity coefficient between the hybrids and parent strains were less 0.80, the growth period or yield of the hybrids was more likely to be transgressive inheritance. The colors of the hybrid fruiting body were divided into white and light yellow. Among them, the yield of white hybrids showed transgressive inheritance than their parents. The white hybrid strain HB17 was screened out with excellent commercial traits, the growth period was 6 d earlier and the yield was 4.7% higher. The excellent white hybrid strain HB47 was with good commercial traits and the yield was 15.1% higher. The light yellow hybrid strain HB13 was with good commercial traits and the yield was 14.4% higher.