庐山风景区的外来入侵植物

庐山风景区外来植物计有17科43种,优势科现象明显,其中菊科(Compositae)13种最多,其次是禾本科(Gramineae)4种、大戟科(Euphorbiaceae)4种。庐山风景区外来植物的原产地主要为南美和中美洲(37.2%)、北美(20.9%)和欧洲(18.6%)。分析表明,在干扰生境下,有利于外来杂草种群定居传播的性状有:1年生或越年生为主,种子或果实传播方式多样、量大,具有特殊的附属结构、拟态性等,植株耐践踏,具有化学防卫机制(化感作用、植株有毒)等,这些特征可作为外来种杂草化风险评估时的参考。

Preliminary Survey on Exotic Invasive Plants in Lushan Mountain Scenic Spot

In the present paper, the species of exotic invasive plants in the scenery area of Lushan were surveyed. Based on the investigation, together with the previous researches, 43 exotic weed species, belonging to 17 families were recorded from the area, among them, Compositae, Gramineae, and Euphorbiaceae are the dominant families with 13, 4, and 4 species, respectively. The original areas of the exotic plants are South America and Centre America (32.1%), North America (20.9%) and Europe (18.6%). Further analyses on the exotic weed in the human disturbed habitats reveal the botanical traits in relation to the succeeding in their invasion as follows: 1) short minimum generation time for annuals and facultative perennials; 2) higher vegetative propagation capacity for perennials; 3) many of them are ephemeral species; 4) diverse patterns in seeds distribution; 5) higher tolerance to being trampled; 6) allelopathic and toxic effects on recipient communities.