九孔鲍双列杂交家系子代的杂种优势与配合力分析

为解决中国南方九孔鲍（Haliotis diversicolor supertexta）种质资源近交衰退的难题，笔者以汕尾养殖群体（BD）与深圳野生群体（YS）的九孔鲍作为亲本，采用完全双列杂交建立了4个交配组合，在120日龄、150日龄、210日龄和270日龄时分别对这些交配组合的生长性状（壳长、壳宽和体质量）进行了杂种优势分析和配合力估算。结果显示，杂交子代壳长、壳宽和体质量性状的中亲优势与超亲优势范围分别为5.3-17.0、6.3-15.3、7.8-9.0和-1.0-11.2、-1.2-6.6和-10.9-4.1，反交组相对正交组有较高的中亲优势；BD群体各阶段生长性状的一般配合力效应值均为负值，范围分别为-0.19--0.09，-0.11--0.07和-0.40--0.24，YS群体各生长阶段生长性状的一般配合力效应值均为正值，范围分别为0.09-0.19，0.07-0.11和0.24-0.40。YS群体与BD群体各生长阶段生长性状的特殊配合力效应值分别为0.01-0.14、0-0.07和0.02-0.07。BD群体的一般配合力、特殊配合力和母本效应效应值均小于YS群体，表明增加野生群体在交配亲本中的数量可有效提高九孔鲍生长性能。

Combining ability and heterosis of hybridization between cultured and wild stocks of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta

The germplasm resources of Haliotis diversicolor supertexta are declining in South China. To solve this problem, we chose 2 small abalone populations from Shanwei cultured stock （BD） and Shenzhen wild stock （YS） as parents to make complete diallel cross and built 4 mating combinations, whose heterosis and combining ability of growth traits （shell length, shell width and body weight） were analyzed at 120 dph, 150 dph, 210 dph and 270 dph, respectively. The ranges of the mid-parent heterosis on hybrids shell length, width and body weight were 5.3~17.0, 6.3~15.3 and 7.8~9.0, respectively; and the ranges of heterobeltiosis were -1.0~11.2, -1.2~6.6 and -10.9~4.1, respectively. The reciprocal crosses had higher mid-parent heterosis compared with the orthogonal combination. The GCA effects of each growth stage of BD groups were negative values （-0.19~-0.09, -0.11~-0.07 and -0.40~-0.24）, while the YS groups are positive values （0.09~0.19, 0.07~0.11 and 0.24~0.40）. The specific combining ability （SCA） effects of YS group and BD group at each growth stage were 0.01~0.14, 0~0.07 and 0.02~0.07, respectively. The general combining ability （GCA）, SCA and maternal effects of BD group were all less than those of YS group, which shows that increasing the quantities of the wild population in the mating parents can improve the growth performance of H.diversicolor supertexta effectively.


HU Zhiguo,LIU Jianyong,BAO Xiufeng,JIANG Xiang
Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China