黄土高原植被生态恢复评价、问题与对策

以中国水土流失与生态安全综合科学考察西北黄土区考察组获得的资料为依据,对黄土高原植被恢复方面取得的成就、存在的问题和未来的发展策略进行综合评价分析.退耕还林和禁伐禁牧措施实施以来,黄土高原地区植被覆盖率、质量已经呈现稳定提升的势态,民众生态环境保护意识增强,植被恢复措施优化,多元化投资与城镇化发展使黄土高原植被恢复前景较好.目前存在的主要问题是:植被恢复投资力度不够;政策不稳定使农户无远期规划,政策不配套,使大户承包治理停滞;过分注重经济效益,人工经济林比例过大,生态功能不强;禁伐禁牧封禁措施缺乏技术支撑,许多重大理论问题亟待解决.未来植被恢复策略包括:明确不同时期植被恢复目标和完善恢复途径;保护现有成果,增加自然恢复和生态修复比例;用政策保护承包大户植被建设的积极性;加大植被建设和科研投资力度,培育黄土区植被恢复方面的科技创新能力.

Review on Vegetation Restoration in Loess Plateau

According to the data from the northwest loess plateau group of the scientific comprehensive inspection of ecological safety and water and soil erosion in China, the achievement attained, the problem existed, and strategy and measurement of vegetation restoration in the future have been comprehensively analyzed. Since the policies of the conversion of cropland to forest and the close grazing were carried out, the vegetation quality and coverage rate have been increased all over in loess Plateau area, the ecological conserving consciousness of ordinary people were strengthened, the environment harness measurements have been optimized, the multiform investments of ecological construction and the urbanization development make vegetation restoration have good future. However, there have been some problems existed such as, the shortage of investment, the government policy instability, the extravagant economic benefit expected, the larger rate of plantation, no enough technological measurements for supporting vegetation restoration and many key theory practice problems that are urgent to be solved, etc. In the future, the goal of near, middle, longterm in the future for vegetation restoration should be clear, the achievement should be expanded, the natural restoration area rate should be increased. The benefit for the household contracted with management should be protected. The investment for research work and inventing ability should be increased.