春玉米行间覆膜田间土壤水分时空动态及水分高效利用机理研究

在不同覆膜方式下对春玉米田间土壤水分时空运移规律、耗水特征和水分利用效率进行了系统研究。结果表明:行间覆膜全生育期0～100cm土层土壤贮水量明显高于行上覆膜和不覆膜。不同覆膜方式下,春玉米全生育期土壤水分状况可分为土壤水分大量损耗期和土壤水分收支平衡期,且0～100cm土层可分为急变层、活跃层和相对稳定层;不同覆膜方式下膜内外土壤水分差异主要体现在0～60cm土层,行间覆膜使玉米根系长期生长在土壤含水量较高的区域,促进了玉米的生长发育和土壤水分的直接有效利用;不同覆膜方式的土壤水分利用效率、产量和产量水平的水分利用效率皆表现为行间覆膜>行上覆膜>不覆膜。行间覆膜较高的水分利用效率主要是充分有效地运用了降水和灌溉水。

The Space-time Dynamics of Soil Water and the Mechanism of High Water Use Efficiency of Covering Film Among Furrows on Spring Maize

The soil space-time dynamics rule of soil water, water consumption and water use efficiency(WUE) of different film mulching on spring maize were researched systematically in this experiment, and finally main conclusions were made as the result of the experiment. The soil storage water in 0-100 centimeters soil layer of covering film between furrows on spring maize was higher than that of covering film on furrows and bare land in the whole growth period, the soil water dynamics in the whole growth period could be divided into tow parts which separately were"the excessive consumption period" and"the payment balance period", and the vertical water dynamics in 0-100 centimeters layer could be divided into "rapid change layer", "active layer" and "relative stable layer". The different oil water content between inside the film and beside the film of different film mulching treatments were mainly presented in 0-60 centimeters layer, the treatment of covering film on the furrows created a higher water content area for the roots of maize and then promoted the growth of maize. The actual yield, yield composition and soil water use efficiency of different film mulching treatments were in sequence of covering film between furrows>covering film on furrows>bare land, and the high WUE of covering film between furrows was because of this treatment used precipitation and irrigation water effectively.