重庆岩溶地区景观格局特征研究

景观格局是地貌格局、土壤格局、水资源格局、植物分布格局及生产力格局等的综合。根据地质、地貌和区域景观特征,可将重庆岩溶区划成三大景观区:渝东北中山区(I)、渝东南中低山区(Ⅱ)、渝中平行岭谷低山丘陵区(Ⅲ)。各景观分区景观格局特征主要表现为:景观多样性指数分别为Ⅰ区1.38、Ⅱ区1.35、Ⅲ区1.77;各景观分区的人工干扰指数分别为Ⅰ区0.33、Ⅱ区0.69和Ⅲ区0.95,人工干扰的程度按照区域代码顺序依次增强;景观均匀度、优势度和丰富度密度分别为Ⅰ区0.49、1.43和0.0005,Ⅱ区0.48、1.46和0.0003,Ⅲ区0.63、1.04、0.0025;景观变化态势按照景观分区代码Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的顺序表现为耕地、居民工矿用地和水域面积比例呈明显递增,而林地、草地呈现明显递减的,园地分布比例为Ⅲ区远大于Ⅰ、Ⅱ区;未利用地比例出现Ⅱ区最小,Ⅲ区最大的现象。

Research on the Landscape Pattern Characteristics in Chongqing Karst Area

Landscape pattern is the synthesis of landforms, soil water resources, vegetation and its productive force pattern. According to geology, physiognomy and region landscape characteristics, this paper divides Chongqing Karst area into three kinds landscape part: northeast middle mountains of Chongqing(Ⅰ), low-middle mountains of southeast Chongqing (Ⅱ) and parallel low mountains and hills of central section in Chongqing (Ⅲ). The region landscape characteristics of these three subarea represent mostly as follows: (1) The landscape diversity indices was 1.38 (No. Ⅰ),1.35 (No.Ⅱ), 1.77 (No. Ⅲ). (2) The human interference index of landscape patterns is 0.33 (No. Ⅰ), 0.69 (No.II), 0.95 (No.Ⅲ), the human interference degree increased from No. I, No. Ⅱ to No.Ⅲ. (3) The evenness, dominance and density of richness of landscape was 0.49, 1.43 and 0.0005(No.Ⅰ), 0.48, 1.46 and 0.0003 (No.Ⅱ) and 0.63, 1.04, 0.00025 (No. Ⅲ) respectively. (4) From subarea I to subarea Ⅲ, the landscape change trended embody that the percentages of cultivated land, resident land, industry land and waters increased obviously, The percentages of forestland and grassland decreased obviously. The percentage of orchard was far larger than that of No. I and No. Ⅱ, while the percentage of unused land of No.Ⅱ was the smallest and that of No.Ⅲ was the largest.