Electrocardiographic values from clinically normal, anesthetized ferrets (Mustela putorius furo)

Electrocardiograms were recorded from 25 clinically normal male ferrets anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine and from 7 ferrets anesthetized with ketamine alone. Ferrets anesthetized with ketamine alone had excessive salivation, open eyes, muscle tremors, muscle twitching, paddling motions, attempts to stand, and an unstable ECG baseline. Because ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in induction and good muscle relaxation, the ECG had little interference resulting from muscular movement.