湖南丘陵茶区绿茶生产优劣势及主要生态调控技术研究

湖南丘陵区具有茶叶知名品牌多,茶叶生产成本低、产量高等优势,丘陵区茶园在湖南省茶叶生产中占有山区茶园无可比拟的重要地位。但丘陵茶园存在土壤贫瘠、季节性干旱严重、生态组分简单等生态问题,造成茶叶品质下降,并影响茶叶的生产效益。小区试验表明:在丘陵茶园开展稻草覆盖可有效改善土壤肥力,显著提高茶树生长季节(3~10月)表层土壤的水分含量;夏秋高温季节进行遮阳网覆盖遮荫,可改善茶园光照、温度和水分条件,有利于新梢中氨基酸和叶绿素等内含物的积累,提高名优茶的产量;建立人工复合生态茶园和遮阳网覆盖遮荫同样有改善丘陵茶园生态环境的效果,还可增加天敌数量,抑制茶园主要害虫的发生和发展。建议在湖南丘陵茶区推广复合生态茶园技术,在茶树行间种植落叶乔木,全园覆盖稻草。

Advantages and disadvantages of green tea production and primary ecological control techniques in the hilly regions of Hunan

Tea plantation in the hilly regions of Hunan Province has many advantages including various well-known tea brands,low production cost,and high tea output.However,tea gardens in hilly regions also have many disadvantages,such as infertile soils,seasonal droughts,and simple ecological structure,which decrease tea quality and benefits.Field experiment results show that straw cover in tea plantations can effectively improve soil fertility and increase surface soil water content during tea growing periods,March to October.Cover with outer screen shadings during hot-dry seasons of summer and autumn can ameliorate tea garden illumination,temperature and water,promote accumulation of amino acids and chlorophyll in tender tea apexes,and increase the production of high-quality tea.In addition,complex artificial ecological tea plantations in hilly regions improve ecoenvironment and increase amount of natural enemy to restrain the occurrence and development of primary pests.Thus cultivation of complex artificial ecological tea,planting deciduous arbor between tea rolls,and complete straw coverage in the hilly regions of Hunan Province are recommended.