中、轻度重金属污染农田的特征及治理

文章从环境保护部和国土资源部发布的《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》入手，指出中国耕地的重金属污染情况严重，但大部分受污染耕地都还处于中度或轻度污染程度。笔者概括归纳了与重度污染农田相比，中轻度污染农田的3个特点：仍然承载着农业生产的功能；危害性比较隐蔽；危害性常常被低估。文章结合当前的重金属污染修复技术，综述了低累积作物品种筛选的基础、取得的成果；常用的无机型、有机型、微生物型钝化剂及使用效果。提出针对中轻度重金属污染农田的2个治理策略：种植低累积、耐重金属的农作物品种；原位钝化，降低重金属的有效性。最后，笔者提出今后在中轻度重金属污染农田修复领域的一些发展方向。

Farmland Contaminated by Moderate and Mild Heavy Metal Pollution: Characteristics and Abatement Strategies

Based on the National Soil Pollution Survey Bulletin issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Land and Resources, we point out that the cultivated land in China is polluted by heavy metals, but most is moderately or mildly polluted. We sum up 3 characteristics of moderately polluted farmland compared with severe polluted farmland: still carrying the function of agricultural production, the harm is more concealed and underestimated. Considering the current recovery techniques of heavy metal pollution, we review the basis for low- cumulative crop variety screening, particularly the progress of inorganic- , organic- , and microorganism- type passivators, and their utilization effect. We put forward 2 strategies for treating farmland with moderate and mild heavy metal pollution: cultivation of low-cumulative and heavy- metal- resistant crop varieties and in situ passivation for offsetting the adverse effect of heavy metals.