3种穗型大麦幼穗发育进程及其与叶龄的对应关系分析

为给大麦穗发育遗传和栽培提供依据，以隶属于穗分枝、二棱穗或六棱穗的9个大麦材料为对象，采用卢良恕等报道的幼穗发育进程和叶龄诊断方法，分析了3种穗型大麦主茎幼穗发育进程及其与叶龄的对应关系。结果表明，3个穗分枝（Yunnan branched-spike,Ynbs）株系的二棱期、穗分枝原基分化期和雌蕊柱头二裂期基本一致，分别对应4叶龄、5叶龄和8叶龄，其内外颖分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和药隔期及其与叶龄的对应关系具有明显差异。3个二棱大麦的雌蕊柱头二裂期基本一致，对应8叶龄。萧山二棱紫大麦和萧山白杆二棱大麦的二棱期延长，并导致三联小穗期、内外颖分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和药隔期缩短及其与叶龄的对应关系具有明显差异。3个六棱大麦的二棱期、雌蕊柱头二裂期和雌蕊柱头毛状突起期基本一致，分别对应4叶龄、7叶龄和8叶龄，内外颖分化期、雌雄蕊分化期和药隔期及其与叶龄的对应关系具有明显差异。同穗型大麦材料的幼穗发育进程及其与叶龄对应关系的差异小于异穗型大麦材料，3个Ynbs株系的4龄叶、5龄叶和8龄叶可分别作为其幼穗二棱期、穗分枝原基分化期和雌蕊柱头二裂期的形态标记。

Development Process of Young Spike and Its Corresponding Relationship with Leaf Age in Different Barley Varieties with Three Spike Types

In order to provide scientific basis for the development of young spike and cultivation of barley,nine barley varieties,classified into three groups based on the spike shape (branched spike,two-rowed spike and six-rowed spike),were used as materials,and the homologous relationship between the development process and leaf age was analyzed. In the present paper,the test methods reported by Lu Lingsu,et al,were used to identify the development process of young spike and the leaf age. The results showed that the development process of young spike at two-ridge stage,initiation stage of branched-spike primordium,two crack stage of pistil and stigma was almost identical for the three Ynbs(Yunnan branched-spike) lines,which were corresponding to 4-leaf stage,5-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage,respectively; but there were differences among varieties in the relationship between the development process of young spike at initiation stage of inside glume and outside glume,pistil and stamen initiation stage,anther connective stage,and the leaf age. The development process of young spike at two crack stage of pistil and stigma for the three two-rowed varieties are identical,corresponding to 8-leaf stage; but two-ridge stage of Xiaoshanerlengzidamai and Xiaoshanbaiganerlengdamai is extended,leading significant differences at triplet spikelet stage,initiation stage of inside glume and outside glume,initiation stage of pistil and stamen,anther connective stage. The development process of young spike at two-ridge stage,two crack stage of pistil stigma and tetrad stage of the three six-rowed barley varieties were identical,which were corresponding to 4-leaf stage,5-leaf stage and 8-leaf stage,respectively; but there were significant differences in the development process of young spike at initiation stage of inside glume and outside glume,pistil and stamen initiation stage,anther connective stage,and their homologous relationship to leaf age. The variation of development process of young spike and the homologous relationship between the leaf age and development process among different barley materials belonging to same spike type was lower than that belonging to different spike type,and the 4-leaf age,5-leaf age and 8-leaf age can be used as the morphological markers for double-ridge stage,initiation stage of branched-spike primordium and two crack stage of pistil stigma in the development process of young spike of the three Ynbs lines.