云南不同产地三七的重金属吸收累积特征研究

[目的]三七Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen是我国传统珍贵中草药植物,其在云南种植区域不断北移和扩大,重金属污染问题已引起广泛关注,但相关研究却非常有限。[方法]本研究采集了分布于云南三州七县27个三七样品,并采用湿法消解前处理方法,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪( ICP－MS) 测定其4种重金属元素Pb、Cd、As、Cu 的含量,揭示云南不同产地三七植物体内重金属的吸收富集特征及转运规律,并对不同产地三七的食用安全性进行人体健康评估。[结果]结果表明,参照《药用植物及制剂外经贸绿色行业标准》,三七块根中Pb、Cd、As、Cu的超标率为0%、62.96%、37.04%和0%,对应叶片中的超标率分别为37.04%、33.33%、48.15%、3.70%,应加强Cd、As的安全性关注。三七块根中Cd的富集系数最大,As和Cu相近,Pb最小。叶片中Pb、As、Cu富集系数变化较小,与三七块根相似,而Cd不同产地富集系数变异较大,最大的建水是最小的师宗的8.3倍。聚类分析表明不同地区的不同重金属的污染程度差异较大。不同产地三七Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu 对人体的摄入风险贡献依次为4.91%～10.00%、3.83～10.50%、7.34～23.28%、0.40～0.61%,所占比例较小。[结论]云南部分三七存在一定的重金属污染风险,本研究可为三七药材的规范化种植,安全评价及三七安全质量控制技术提供理论依据。

Absorption and Accumulation Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Panax notoginseng from Different Regions of Yunnan

Four heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, As and Cu, in Panax notoginseng were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) combined with wet digestion method. 27 samples of P. notoginseng were collected in 7 different regions of 3 prefectures in Yunnan Province. The bioaccumulationand transfer of heavy metals in P. notoginseng from different regions were revealed; and the associated health risk was evaluated. Green Standards of Foreign Trading Medicinal Plants & Preparations was used as the standard to evaluate the pollution status of Pb, Cd, As and Cu in P. notoginseng. The results showed that the content of Pb, Cd, As and Cu exceeded the limit of the standard by respectively 0%, 62.96%, 37.04% and 0% in the root of P. notoginseng, and by respectively 37.04%, 33.33%, 48.15%, 3.70% in the leaves, the safety concern of Cd and As should be strengthened. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in the root of P. notoginseng was the highest, and that of As and Cu was similar, while that of Pb was the smallest. The enrichment coefficient of Pb, As and Cu in leaves was small, which was similar to that of root, while the enrichment coefficient of Cd was different in different regions, and the largest was 8.3 times that of the smallest. Cluster analysis showed that the pollution degree of different heavy metals in different regions was significantly different. Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu of P. notoginseng from different regions accounted for 4.91%-10.00%, 3.83%- 10.50%, 7.34%-23.28% and 0.40%-0.61%, respectively, of the ingestion rates withADI (allowable daily intake). There are some risks of heavy metal pollution in Yunnan and this study can provide a theoretical basis for the standardized planting, safety evaluation and safety and quality control technology development of P. notoginseng.