中国葡萄二次结果技术研究进展

葡萄具有适应性强、早果丰产、花芽超节位分化和一年多次结果等习性。本文详细归纳了葡萄一年两收的生理生化基础,及温度、修剪、药剂、栽培管理措施等在葡萄二次果生产上的作用,以及二次果生产对产量和果实品质的影响；分析指出花芽分化是葡萄二次结果的基础,掌握花芽分化的关键时期和诱导花芽分化萌发的方式与节位,对发展葡萄二次结果技术至关重要。然而由于该技术在国内推广应用时间较短,大部分种植者的技术运用还不够成熟,且对气候条件、品种特性要求较高,造成在实际生产中发展缓慢。针对生产研究现状,笔者建议应结合气候条件、品种特性等深入研究葡萄二次结果的生理生化机理机制,加快引进或选育更多花芽分化好、品质优良的葡萄品种以满足市场多元化需求,对于试验成功的葡萄品种和对应栽培管理模式要先小面积应用、技术掌握成熟后再大规模生产,重视示范推广作用、加强对种植户的技术培训指导等,以期为葡萄二次果生产提供一定理论基础。

Research Progress of the Second Fruiting of Grape in China

Grapes have strong adaptability, early fruit yield, flower bud super node differentiation and many times fruiting a year. In this paper, the physiological and biochemical basis of double harvest of grape in a year, the effects of temperature, pruning, medicaments and cultivation measures on the secondary fruit production of grape and the effects of secondary fruit production on the yield and fruit quality were summarized in detail. The way and node of inducing flower bud differentiation and germination are very important for developing the two results of grape development. However, due to the short time of popularization and application of the technology in China, most of the growers are not mature enough, and the climatic conditions and variety characteristics are highly demanded, resulting in slow development in actual production. In view of the present situation of production and research, the author suggests that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of secondary fruiting of grapes should be studied in combination with climatic conditions and variety characteristics, so as to speed up the introduction or breeding of more grape varieties with good flower bud differentiation and good quality to meet the diversified needs of the market, and for the successful grape varieties and corresponding cultivation management. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the production of grape secondary fruit, the model should be applied in small areas first, mastered and then mass produced, emphasized the role of demonstration and popularization, and strengthened the technical training and guidance for growers.