种植密度对甜玉米与鲜食糯玉米产量与品质性状的影响

采用田间试验的方法,研究低密度(3.5万株/hm2,LD)、中密度(5.5万株/hm2,MD)、高密度(6.5万株/hm2,HD)种植对甜玉米(520)、糯玉米(吉农糯112)商品品质、食用品质以及部分营养品质的影响。结果表明,种植密度对鲜食玉米商品品质的影响较大,高密度种植会显著降低有效穗长、出籽率以及百粒重等商品性状。甜玉米皮渣率以及糯玉米的种皮厚度受种植密度影响较大,高密度处理下甜玉米(520)的皮渣率比低密度处理增加29.2%,糯玉米(吉农糯112)种皮厚度下降24.78%。种植密度对脂肪、可溶性总糖以及赖氨酸含量的影响不显著,显著影响鲜食玉米子粒中蛋白的含量,高密度处理下甜玉米(520)与糯玉米(吉农糯112)蛋白含量比低密度处理分别降低近1个百分点。

Effect of Planting Density on Grain Yield and Quality of Fresh Sweet Corn and Waxy Corn

A field experiment was conducted to investigate maize fresh grain yield and quality response to planting densities. Three densities of low density(35 000 plants/ha, LD), medium density(55 000 plants/ha, MD), and high density(65 000 plants/ha, HD) were arranged on sweet corn(S520) and waxy corn(W112). The results indicated, planting density has a prominent influence on the commercial quality of fresh corn, and the effective ear length, fresh grain yield and 100-kernel weight were significantly reduced under HD. Pericarp thickness(PT) of waxy corn and residue ratio(RR) of sweet corn were also significantly affected by planting density; compared to LD treatment, PT of S520 was 29.2% higher than that under HD, while the RR of W112 was reduced by 24.78%. Planting density has less influence on the content of fat, total soluble sugar and lysine, whereas, it has a significant influence on protein content. The protein contents of W112 and S520 under HD were reduced almost 1% compared to that under LD. Therefore, planting density is an important agronomic measure to coordinate the yield and quality for fresh maize production.