油田道路对水土保持功能的影响评价

[目的]对生产运营期因油田道路占压和硬化损失的水土保持功能价值进行定量评价,为生产运营期石油天然气项目水土保持补偿费的计征标准提供测算依据。[方法]采用国内外较为常用的生态服务价值测算方法,选取陕西省志丹县境内油田为研究对象,测算生产运营期内油田道路造成水土保持功能价值的损失量。水土保持功能服务价值等于固持土壤、水源涵养、固碳供氧、防风固沙等价值之和。[结果]初步估算,生产运营期油田道路造成的水土保持功能价值的损失量,每口井每年约为1 827元。按照油田道路占油田总面积30%～50%的比例进行折算,则石油、天然气项目在生产运营期造成的年度水土保持功能损失值为3 654～6 090元/井。[结论]现行的水土保持补偿费按年度计征的方式和征收标准(每口井不超过2 800元)是合理可行的。

Evaluation on Effects of Oilfield Roads on Soil and Water Conservation Function

[Objective] In order to provide a calculation basis for the standard of soil and water conservation compensation fees for oil and gas projects, the values of water and soil conservation function loss due to oilfield road pressure and hardening during production period were quantitatively evaluated.[Methods] The ecological service value evaluation method was used to estimate the loss value of the soil and water conservation function of oilfield by calculating the model of the oilfield in Zhidan County of Shaanxi Province. According to this method, the value of soil and water conservation function is equal to the sum values of holding soil, water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen supply, air purification, wind and sand fixation, and biodiversity maintenance.[Results] Roads in oilfield can reduce the value of the soil and water conservation function, the average annual loss of soil and water conservation function of each well reached 1 827 yuan. According to 30%~50%, usual proportion of the road area to total area of oil field, the average annual loss of soil and water conservation function of each well was 3 654~6 090 yuan higher than the current standard which is not more than 2 800 yuan.[Conclusions] It is reasonable and feasible for the current method of soil and water conservation compensation to be collected according to the year and the standard of collection(no more than 2 800 yuan per well).