陕西春玉米子粒含水率与机械粒收质量的关系分析

选择陕西灌溉春玉米区主栽品种12个,2016～2017年在陕西榆林玉米试验站用约翰迪尔收割机子粒机收,调查分析玉米粒收质量指标与子粒水分的关系。结果表明,机收质量指标品种间差异较大,变异系数在23.52%～109.8%;收获时子粒水分平均26.01%,杂质率1.02%,破碎率7.44%,田间产量损失率3.21%。机械粒收玉米破碎率、田间产量损失率与子粒水分均呈显著正相关。当子粒含水率低于25.4%时,破碎率和损失率分别低于8%和3%,符合国标要求,满足机械粒收质量要求。子粒破碎率高是影响陕西灌溉春玉米区机械粒收的关键质量问题,子粒含水率是影响机械粒收质量的主控因素。通过选择子粒脱水快和含水率低品种、合理安排收获时间能够保证陕西春玉米区机械粒收质量。

Relationship of Maize Grain Mechanical Harvesting Traits and Grain Moisture in Shaanxi Provence

From the year of 2016 to 2017, 12 maize varieties were carried out at Yulin maize research station to harvest maize grain with John Deer for determining the relationship between grain harvesting quality and grain moisture. The results indicated that grain harvesting qualities highly differed with 23.52%-109.8% of coefficient of variation among maize varieties, the average and maximum values were 26.01% in grain moisture content, 7.44% in grain broken rate,1.02% in the impurity rate, and 3.21% in total grain loss rate, respectively. The grain breakage rate and grain yield loss were significantly correlated to grain moisture content. When grain moisture content declined to 25.4%, grain breakage rate and grain loss reduced to below 8% and 3% to meet the national standard, respectively. The grain broken rate is the main factor of total grain loss maize grain mechanical harvesting, and high moisture content of the kernel is a main factor for resulting in high grain broken rate. These results suggested that selecting good hybrids with lower kernel moisture content and rapid dry-down at late grain fill period, and harvesting at the right time ensure the quality of grain mechanical harvest for Shaanxi spring maize region.