果园种植三叶草对杂草群落及物种多样性的影响

为实现果园杂草生态控制，减少或避免使用化学除草剂。根据生态位先估和生态位竞争原理，设计间种豆科绿肥白三叶草和红三叶草两种杂草生态控制技术，同时设置清耕对照(CK)，采用小样方多点取样连续两年调查果园杂草种群数量、生物量、平均株高等指标。结果表明：果园共有杂草13科28属34种；3个处理在4次调查时，对照杂草多度(Pi)高达1.001和1.000，间种白三叶草处理分别为0.755、0.664、1.001和0.945，间种红三叶草处理分别为0.986、0.889、0.982和0.992。种植白三叶处理果园在四次调查时期，杂草物种丰富度(S)和种群多样性(H)均大于对照，均匀度(J)在第一次调查时小于对照，优势集中性指数(C)均小于对照；间种红三叶草处理四次调查杂草总数量均低于对照。本研究表明间种白三叶草能改变果园杂草群落结构，有效控制杂草的生长。

Effect of Clover Plantation on Weeds Community and Species Diversity in Orchard

To realize the ecological control of orchard weeds and reduce or avoid the use of chemical herbicides, this study designed two ecological control techniques of white clover and red clover according to the niche estimation and niche competition principle, used clean tillage as the CK, the population quantity, biomass and average height of the orchard weeds were investigated by small samples for two consecutive years. The results showed that there were 34 species of 28 genera and 13 families in the orchards. The Pi of control weeds were 1.001 and 1.000, that of white clover were 0.755, 0.664, 1.001 and 0.945, respectively, and that of red clover were 0.986, 0.889, 0.982 and 0.992, respectively. The species richness (S) and population diversity (H) of white clover were higher than that of control, and the evenness (J) was less than that of control in the first survey, the dominant concentration index (C) was all lower than that of CK. The total numbers of weed of red clover was lower than that of control. This study showed that white clover could change the weed community structure of the orchard, and effectively control the growth of weeds.