1990~2015年四川省茶叶生产空间演变格局及特征研究

为加快四川省茶产业区域化布局、专业化生产，推动茶产业发展，以1990—2015 年茶叶生产数据为基础，采用重心模型和ESDA方法，对四川省茶叶生产重心演变轨迹和空间格局进行分析。结果表明：（1）茶叶生产发展迅速，已经形成了川南、川西、川东北3 个主要产区。（2）四川省茶园面积重心迁移较小，重心整体向西南方向迁移。（3）四川茶园全局Moran’s I 指数在0.35~0.457，具有显著的正向空间自相关，呈现出高度的空间集聚特征。（4）在局部上，H-H象限单元主要是地处乌蒙山区、邛崃山区、秦巴山区的最适宜区，L-L 象限单元大多属于川西北高原、川中丘陵区的不适宜区或低适宜区。2000 年以后，川东北产区集聚趋势的显著性降低，川南产区、川西产区始终保持着显著的聚集趋势。四川茶叶生产格局是以自然资源禀赋为主导的作物生理适宜性格局，在后期的发展过程中，产业规模、龙头企业、区域品牌、替代产业、扶持政策等因素成为四川茶叶生产空间演化的主要塑造力量。

Spatial Structure Evolution of Tea Production in Sichuan Province, 1990 to 2015

The paper aims to promote the regionalization and specialized production of tea industry in Sichuan Province. Based on the tea production data, we analyzed the evolution track of production center and the spatial structure of tea industry in Sichuan, by using gravity center model and ESDA method. The results show that: (1) the tea production developed rapidly, and has formed 3 major production areas in southern Sichuan, western Sichuan and northeast Sichuan; (2) the migration scale of gravity center of tea plantation area in Sichuan is small, and the gravity center is expanded to the southeast; (3) the Moran’s index range of tea garden in Sichuan is generally from 0.35 to 0.457, indicating significantly positive spatial autocorrelation and high spatial agglomeration characteristics; (4) regions with H-H mainly are those most suitable areas located in Wumeng mountain area, Qionglai mountain area and Qinba mountain area, regions with L-L mainly belong to the unsuitable area or low suitable area in the northwest plateau of Sichuan or mid-Sichuan hilly region. Since 2000, the agglomeration trend in the tea production area of northeast Sichuan decreases significantly, while in southern and western Sichuan, there is a marked trend of aggregation. The structure of tea production in Sichuan is a physiological suitable one based on natural resources endowment, in the future development, industrial scale, leading enterprises, regional brands, alternative industries, support policies and other factors could be the major shaping power of spatial structure evolution of tea production in Sichuan.