黄土高原沟壑区高产高效农业综合发展研究

长武王东沟小流域试验示范区围绕高原沟壑区区域特点 ,探索农村产业结构优化模式 ,进行深层次农村产业结构调整 ,由历史上以粮食种植业为主的一元结构发展到现在的粮、果、工副三元产业结构阶段 ;根据不同降水年型旱作生产力的特性 ,提高水肥资源的利用效率 ,实现旱作产量潜势的高实现率 ,15 a平均粮食单产达到 4 10 0 kg/km2 ,在人均旱作粮田仅为 733m2 的条件下 ,做到粮食基本自给 ;根据高原沟壑区水土流失特点开展水土流失治理和植被建设 ,高标准地完成了塬、坡、沟水土流失综合治理 ,林草覆盖率达 4 3% ,水保治理度达 92 % ,土壤侵蚀模数降至 5 0 4 t/(km2·a) ,控制水土流失效果十分显著

Comprehensive Development of Highly Productive and Effective Agriculture on Gully Region of Loess Plateau

Agriculture industrial structure of Wangdongguo watershed developed from unitary structure with planting food mostly in history to three parts structure including food, fruit and industry by exploring optimize pattern of agriculture structure and regulating agriculture industrial structure according to the characteristics of gully region of loess plateau. By increasing efficiency of water use and fertilizer resources, and gaining highly potential dryland output, average food per product in 15 years reached 4 100kg/km², thus food could be self support basically with one person only possessing 733m ² dryland field; Soil and water loss controlling and vegetation construction have been developed according to the characteristic of soil and water loss on the gully region of loess plateau. Now, soil and water conservation in Yuan physiognomy, slope and gully have been finished in high standard with plant covering rate reaching 43%, soil and water loss controlling rate reaching 92%, soil erosion modulus decreasing to 504t/(km²·a), the controlling effect is notable.