池塘和工厂化养殖牙鲆肠道菌群结构的比较分析

为研究池塘和工厂化养殖条件下牙鲆肠道菌群结构差异及其与饵料、水环境、底质等的关系，采用MiSeq高通量测序技术和生物信息学分析手段，构建了牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)肠道、养殖水体、饵料和池塘底泥等7个样品的16s rRNA基因测序文库，分析了不同样品中菌群组成和生物多样性。结果表明：池塘养殖牙鲆肠道（B1）中以厚壁菌门（30.49%）、变形菌门（19.16%）和梭杆菌门（11.11%）为主，其中芽孢杆菌属（27.66%）占绝对优势，弧菌属（0.16%）丰度最小；工厂化养殖牙鲆肠道（B5）中以变形菌门（44.31%）、厚壁菌门（11.57%）和放线菌门（4.79%）为主，其中不动杆菌属（10.37%）丰度最大，弧菌属（4.05%）相对B1中丰度较高。牙鲆肠道优势菌群主要与营养代谢调节相关，同时有益微生物和有害微生物也是肠道菌群的重要组成部分。差异性和系统进化分析表明两种养殖条件下牙鲆肠道菌群结构与饵料中菌群关系密切，此外受养殖水环境中菌群影响较大。研究结果将为今后牙鲆养殖专用高效微生态制剂的研制和养殖环境微生态调控技术构建提供理论依据。

Comparative analysis of composition,diversity and origin of intestinal bacterial community in pond- and indoor tank-culture Japanese flounder(Paralichthys olivaceus)

In order to investigate the intestinal bacterial community comparison and its relationship with environmental factors, intestine samples were collected from pond- and indoor tank-cultured Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, and the composition, diversity and origin of bacterial community in which were investigated based on high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and six other samples from culture-associated environmental factors including culture water, feeds and pond sediment were also collected and their microbiota composition were also investigated using sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that the dominant bacterial community harboring in pond-culture Japanese flounder intestine were Firmicutes(30.49%), Proteobacteria(19.16%), Fusobacteria (11.11%), wherein the most abundant bacteria was Bacillus (27.66%) and the least abundant was Vibrio based on genus level; whereas for pond-culture Japanese flounder, its intestine holds a core microbiota composed of Proteobacteria(44.31%), Firmicutes(11.57%), Actinobacteria(4.79%), and in which the most abundant bacteria was Acinetobacter and Vibrio based on genus level. The most abundant bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the Japanese flounder intestinal content are those related to nutrition metabolism, and the potential pathogens and probiotics are also important members of the intestinal microbiota. Difference and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the composition, diversity and origin of Japanese flounder intestinal bacterial communities were closely related with feed followed by culture water. The present results would not only facilitate production of high-efficient probiotics, but also could provide theoretical support for construction of practical micro-ecological technology for Paralichthys olivaceus under different culture environment.