害虫遗传学控制策略与进展

随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,利用遗传学方法控制害虫种群成为人们研究的热点之一。研究者已经尝试利用基因突变、转基因和雄性不育等遗传学技术,培育遗传改造的害虫品系,释放后来控制自然界害虫的种群密度。但由于这些遗传学方法本身存在局限性,研究者开始探索利用低毒高效的荧光纳米材料基因载体携带外源核酸或农药分子进入昆虫或植物细胞从而干扰害虫的发育或行为的新策略。本文综述了害虫遗传学控制的2大策略种群替代和种群抑制的实现方法及其研究进展,并提出了利用新型荧光纳米粒子传送基因或药物的害虫遗传学控制新策略。

Strategies and progress in genetic control of insect pests

Using the genetic tools to control the pest population is one of the research hotspots based on the development of molecular biology and genetic engineering. Researchers have tried to utilize genetic techniques such as gene mutation, transgene, and male sterile to generate genetically modified insect strains, and then release these insect strains to control the population of wild insect pests. Considering the disadvantages of these methods, scientists are exploring new strategies by using nanoparticles with low cytotoxicity and high transfection efficiency to deliver exogenous nucleic acids or pesticide molecules into the insect and plant cells, therefore to interfere with the growth and behavior of the pests. In this review, we summarize the progress in two strategies, population inhibition and population replacement, for genetic control of insect pests. We also propose a novel pest control strategy based on the nanoparticle-mediated transient gene transfection.