猪粪高效除臭微生物菌株筛选及发酵条件优化

为了探索微生物除臭剂对畜禽粪便环境污染的治理效果,本研究利用平板划线分离法从5份样品中分离出130株菌株,通过氨气和硫化氢选择性培养基定性初筛和硼酸吸收法、锌胺络盐吸收比色法定量复筛相结合的方法,分别筛选出了可高效抑制氨气、硫化氢释放的菌株5株和3株,其中命名为BX3的菌株对氨气和硫化氢的去除率分别达到80.07%和76.92%;采用L₈(2⁷)正交试验优化设计其高效除臭组合,结果表明,“AF2+DZ1+BX3+DZ3+BZ1+EZ3+AX4”组合氨气和硫化氢的释放量显著或极显著低于其他组合,为最佳组合;与空白对照相比,第5天时氨气和硫化氢的去除率达到82.14%和80.84%。对最佳组合除臭发酵工艺研究,在接种量分别为10%和15%,含水率40%和30%,麸皮添加量为10%时氨气和硫化氢的释放量最小。筛选的微生物在除臭剂制备及治理畜禽粪便对环境污染方面具有较大的应用潜力。

Optimization of fermentation conditions of swine manure and screening for efficient microbial deodorant strains

By combining NH 3 and H2 S selective media for a first qualitative screening,and the boric acid ab-sorption and zinc amine complex salt absorption colorimetric methods for a second quantitative screening,5 strains which could efficiently reduce NH 3 release,and 3 strains reducing H2 S release were identified,of which a strain designated BX3 achieved emission reduction rates of NH 3 and H2 S,respectively,compared with control treatments,of 80.07%,76.92%.An L8 (2 7 )orthogonal optimum design was employed to identify combina-tions of different strains with high deodorizing efficiency,and AF2+DZ1+BX3 +DZ3 +BZ1 +EZ3 +AX4 was found to be the optimal strain combination.With this combination,the emission rates of NH 3 and H2 S were significantly lower than that of other combinations.Compared with a blank control group,the emission reduc-tions of NH 3 and H2 S,respectively,were 82.14%,80.84% on the fifth day of the experiment.The optimal microbial combination for deodorizing activity was studied under differing fermentation conditions and the quan-tities of NH 3 and H2 S released were smallest with additive combinations of 10% inoculation,30% moisture content and 10% bran addition,and 15% inoculation,40% moisture content and 10% bran addition,respec-tively.The microbial strains isolated in this study have potentially broad application prospects in the fields of odor prevention and control of environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure.