基因资源产权归属与利益分享的经济分析

利用经济学中的产权理论和委托－代理理论研究基因资源的产权配置与利益分享问题。首先利用产权理论从静态和动态两个方面比较了基因资源初始产权不同配置的经济效率，得出基因资源初始产权配置不同，经济效率也不同。基因资源的国家所有权形式的经济效率大于人类共同产权形式的经济效率。然后利用委托－代理理论分析了植物培育权利益分享问题，得出发达国家将利用基因资源培育出的新品种收益的一部分分配给发展中国家，能够实现双赢。

Economic Analysis about Property Right Deployment and Benefit Allotment of Genetic Resources

Using property right theory and principal-agent theory in economics, this paper studies the issue of property right deployment and benefit allotment of genetic resources. First, it compares the economic efficiency of different primary deployments models of various property rights of genetic resources from their static and dynamic states and concludes, that different property right deployment models of genetic resources are different in their economic efficiency. Then, by the principal-agent theory, this paper analyses the problem of the benefit allotment of plant breeding rights and concludes that if the developed countries allot part of benefits derived from the newly bred plants with the genetic resources to the developing countries,a ＂two-win＂ result can be achieved.