甘蔗健康种苗培育体系的建立

通过热处理、温热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养建立有效的甘蔗(Saccharum L.)健康种苗生产的技术体系。以经过热处理和温热处理的甘蔗带芽茎段萌生的腋芽为外植体,取其茎尖分生组织接种于MS BA1.0mg/L NAA0.1mg/L PVP200mg/L 蔗糖30g/L的培养基上培养10￣20d可诱导其产生完整的小芽,再把产生的新芽切割下来接种于MS 6BA1.0mg/L KT0.5mg/L 蔗糖30g/L的培养基上培养20d后便可形成由3￣5个芽组成的丛生芽,丛生芽在继代培养过程中每15￣20d可增殖3￣5倍。把丛生芽分割成单株并接种于1/2MS NAA1mg/L 蔗糖20g/L培养基上培养10￣20d可诱导小芽形成完整的根系,小植株移栽成活率可达98%。植株生长健壮、整齐、无变异,经分子检测证明小植株能脱去宿根矮化病和花叶病的病原。该体系的建立为甘蔗健康种苗的工厂化育苗奠定了坚实的基础。

Establishment of a Disease-free Seed Canes Propagation System for Sugarcane

Disease-free seed canes are free from known sugarcane diseases(Saccharum L.) specially ratoon stunting disease (RSD) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Application of disease-free seed canes as planting materials in commercial production of sugarcane ensures high yield and high quality of sugarcane. An efficient technical system for producing disease-free seed canes of sugarcane involving combination of hot water treatment (HWT) and thermotherapy with apical meristem culture was developed. The axillary buds germinated from the canes, which were treated by HWT and followed by the thermotherapy, were used as explants. The apical meristems of axillary buds were inoculated on the MS medium containing 1 mg/L BA, 0.1 mg/L NAA, 200 mg/L PVP and 30 g/L sucrose for inducing shoots. After having been cultured for 10-20 days, the shoots bourgeoned. They were then transferred onto the MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BA , 0.5 mg/L KT and 30 g/L sucrose for inducing cluster buds. After 15~20 days, the cluster buds were formed. The proliferation ratio of the cluster buds is about 3~5 buds per 15~20 days. The cluster buds were divided into single buds and cultured on the 1/2MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L NAA and 20 g/L sucrose for inducing roots. After 10~20 days, the roots were formed and transferred onto the soil. About 98 % of plantlets survived when they were transferred onto the soil. The plantlets grew well and uniform without any variation. The results of molecular detection demonstrated that the plantlets were free from RSD and SCMV. This system will be a good foundation for commercial production of disease-free seed canes of sugarcane.