稻瘟病抗性基因的鉴定及利用进展

20世纪60年代中期，日本率先开展了水稻品种抗稻瘟病基因分析的研究工作，鉴定了最初的8个抗性位点上的14个基因，并建立了一套抗稻瘟病基因分析用的鉴别体系（JDCs, Japanese differential cultivars），随后，国际水稻研究所和中国等产稻国也逐渐开展了水稻稻瘟病抗性遗传的系统性研究。截至2007年12月，已至少报道了58个抗稻瘟病位点共67个主效基因。这些基因成簇地分布于除第3染色体外的所有水稻染色体上，其中，66个为显性基因，1个为隐性基因，包括Pi b、Pi ta、Pi z5、Pi zt、Pi 9、Pi d2、Pi 36和Pi 37等8个已被克隆的基因(Pi z5、Pi zt和Pi 9同为Pi z基因位点上的复等位基因)。还讨论了合理利用抗性基因等问题。

Highlights in Identification and Application of Resistance Genes to Rice Blast

Studies on host resistance to blast in rice have been extensively conducted since 1960s. Following the initial work of Kiyosawa's group in Japan for the identification of 14 resistance genes at eight loci and the development of Japanese differential cultivars (JDCs),the inheritance of rice blast resistance was comprehensively studied at the International Rice Research Institute and in rice-growing countries such as China. Up to December 2007,at least 67 resistance alleles at 58 loci had been identified. These genes are located in cluster and distributed on all the rice chromosomes except chromosome 3,of which 66 are dominant and the remaining one is recessive. Eight of the genes,namely,Pi-b,Pi-ta,Pi-z5,Pi-zt,Pi-9,Pi-d2,Pi-36 and Pi-37,have been cloned,among which Pi-z5,Pi-zt and Pi-9 are allelic. Application of resistance genes to rice blast was also discussed.