2012年河南省宜阳县烟草病虫害预测预报分析

烟草病虫害是影响宜阳县烟叶产量和质量的重要因素。按照河南省病虫害预测预报站的要求，试验选取张深、孔昌2个测报点为基准，采用系统调查和普查2种方法，主要对烟草病毒病、黑胫病、赤星病、根结线虫病、角斑病及野火病等病害进行系统调查和普查，虫害主要对烟蚜、烟青虫及地下害虫进行调查。结果表明：2012年宜阳县有翅蚜发生时间与往年比较来的晚一些，但数量非常多；病毒病的发病时间与往年基本一致，较往年稍微偏早，病毒病初发期症状表现明显，由于旱情蔓延，总体来说，2012年病毒病的发病率轻于2011年；烟青虫出现时间与正常年份基本一致，由于用药及时，2012年全年，烟青虫并未对烟叶造成很大危害。根结线虫病保持稳定，使用生物碳肥对根结线虫病有很好的抑制作用。

Analysis of Prediction and Forecast of Tobacco Pests and Diseases in Yiyang County of Henan Province in 2012

Tobacco pests and diseases are important factors affecting tobacco＇s yield and quality in Yiyang County. According to the requirements set by Henan Provincial Pests and Diseases Forecast Station, Zhangshen and Kongchang were selected as the forecast spots in the test. Systematic survey and general survey were used to investigate the diseases and the pests in the test. The diseases included tobacco virus diseases, Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae, Alternaria alternata Keissl, root-knot nematodes, angular leaf spots and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci and so on. And the pests included Myzus persicae（Sulzer）, Helicoverpa assulta Guenee and soil-dwelling pests. The survey results showed that the occurrence of winged aphids in 2012 was later when compared with what happened in the previous years in Yiyang County, but with a larger number; the onset time of virus diseases was as same as that in the previous years, or slightly off earlier; the onset of virus disease symptoms was significantly due to the spread of drought, but the overall incidence of viral diseases in 2012 was lighter than that in 2011; the occurrence of Helicoverpa assulta Guenee was nearly consistent with that in normal years, but did not cause great harm to tobacco this year due to timely medication; root-knot nematode diseases remained steady, but the use ofbio-carbon fertilizer had good inhibition on them.