旱地夏闲期秸秆覆盖和种植绿肥对冬小麦水分利用及养分吸收的影响

以夏季裸地休闲为对照,研究了免耕条件下小麦秸秆覆盖和种植豆科绿肥及二者混合对旱地冬小麦产量、作物水分利用、氮磷钾养分吸收的影响。结果表明,秸秆覆盖和种植绿肥对冬小麦籽粒产量和生物量无影响,但秸秆覆盖作物耗水量较对照增加10 mm,种植绿肥则减少11 mm,水分利用效率却无显著变化;夏闲期种植绿肥和秸秆覆盖+种植绿肥使小麦籽粒吸氮量分别降低6.0%和6.6%,差异显著,吸磷量降低5.9%和6.2%,籽粒吸钾量降低了7.9%和7.9%。可见,一年的秸秆覆盖和种植绿肥对冬小麦产量没有显著影响,但秸秆覆盖使小麦生育期耗水量增加而种植绿肥使之降低,种植绿肥和秸秆覆盖+种植绿肥使小麦对氮磷钾养分吸收有所降低。

Effects of straw mulching and planting green manure on water use and nutrients uptake of winter wheat on dryland

With bare fallow in summer as control,field experiments were carried out to study effects of wheat straw mulching,green manure planting and their mixture under no-tillage on grain yield,water use efficiency and uptake of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) of winter wheat in dryland areas.The obtained results showed that straw mulching and green manure planting had no significant effect on the winter wheat yield and biomass.Compared with the control,straw mulching increased water consumption of wheat by 10 mm while planting green manure decreased it by 11 mm.However,straw mulching and planting green manure had no significant effect on water use efficiency.Additionally,planting green manure and straw mulching plus planting green manure in summer fallow period significantly declined nutrient uptake by winter wheat with N by 6.0% and 6.6%,P uptake by 5.9% and 6.2%,and K uptake by 7.9% and 7.9%,respectively.Consequently,one-year straw mulching and green manure planting had no obvious effect on winter wheat yield,however,straw mulching increased water consumption of winter wheat while planting green manure decreased it.Planting green manure and straw mulching plus planting green manure treatments decreased the nutrient uptake of N,P and K of winter wheat.