Empfindlichkeit von Hausmäusen verschiedener Herkunft gegen Antikoagulantien |
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| Authors: | Prof Dr W Bäumler Dr A A Asran |
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| Institution: | (1) Present address: Lebrstubl für Angewandte Zoologie, Universität München, Amalienstr. 52, D-8000 München;(2) Present address: Egyptian-German field rat control project, Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Amalienstr 52, Cairo, Egypt |
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| Abstract: | Various subspecies ofMus musculus and related species are worldwide in distribution. In the temperate regions this rodent lives in the field throughout the year. it can cause severe damages to various crops, i. e. in Egypt the new reclaimed areas within the desert are heavily infested, and in Portugal seeds in greenhouses are often destroyed.The control of the house mouse is increasingly difficult because this pest rodent has become resistant to many rodenticides in some regions. The house mouse also inspects and is cautious when selecting its food, especially poisoned baits, and develops bait-shyness rapidly.The efficacy of several anticoagulants against house mice of different origins was tested. The animals were caught in the surrounding areas of Munich, Lisbon, and Cairo. An albino laboratory strain served as a standard. The rodenticides were diluted with olive oil and administered in varying doses to the animals. Before and after treatment the mortality and the prothrombin times of the test animals were observed. The following anticoagulants are ordered according to their increasing efficiency: Coumarin, Coumatetralyl, Chlorphacinon + Sulfachinoxalin, Difenacoum, Bromadiolon, and Fluocoumaphen.The susceptibility of different subspecies of the house mouse to the anticoagulants varied remarkably.M. m. spretus from Portugal was very resistant to all the tested rodenticides whereasM. m. praetextus in Egypt was highly susceptible.In Egypt bait preference tests and some experiments with ready made baits containing Difenacoum (RS 2®), Chlorphacinone + Sulfachinoxalin (Raviac®), and Warfarin (Coumafene®) were conducted in the field. Wheat was the preferred bait as compared to sunflower kernels, maize, and chicken pellets. The acceptance was slightly improved by adding a small quantity (5–15%) if sesame to the bait but not in combination with oliveoil, maizeoil or cottonoil. In small testplots in 0,5 ha of straw heaps and in 1 ha of maize fields the bait consumed was reduced on the seventh day by more than 70% after application of anticoagulants, but increased very rapidly when the treatment was interrupted because of reinfestation.
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