16个中国传统月季品种的核型分析

采用常规压片法，对16个特有的中国传统月季品种进行核型分析。结果表明:①16个品种的倍性分为3类，‘月月红’、‘月月粉’、‘绿萼’、‘匍匐红’4个品种为二倍体，2n=2x=14；‘春水绿波’、‘金瓯泛绿’、‘桔囊’、‘青莲学士’、‘四面镜’、‘一季粉’、‘一品朱衣’、‘羽仕妆’8个品种为三倍体，2n=3x=21；‘大富贵’、‘玉玲珑’、‘紫香绒’3个品种为四倍体，2n=4x=28；‘牡丹月季’品种为混倍体，包含三倍体、四倍体两种稳定核型。品种的倍性演化与研究过的野生蔷薇、现代月季品种的演化基本一致，倍性与表型呈一定的正相关性。②核型不对称系数为56.70%～63.70%。③核型类型包括1A、2A、1B、2B 4种类型，所有品种核型都由其中部或近中部的着丝点染色体组成。 

Karyotype analysis of sixteen Chinese traditional rose cultivars

Karyotype was studied via squash method in sixteen Chinese traditional rose cultivars. The results showed that there were three ploidy levels. ‘Slater’s Crimson China’, ‘Parsons’ Pink China’, ‘Viridiflora’ and ‘Pu Fu Hong’were diploid (2 n=2 x=14); Eight cultivars were triploid,including ‘Chun Shui Lü Bo’, ‘Jin Ou Fan Lü’, ‘Ju Nang’, ‘Qing Lian Xue Shi’, ‘Si Mian Jing’, ‘Yi Ji Fen’, ‘Yi Pin Zhu Yi’ and‘Yu Shi Zhuang’ (2n=3x=21); ‘Da Fu Gui’, ‘Yu Ling Long’ and ‘Zi Xiang Rong’ were tetraloid (2n=4x=28). ‘Mu Dan Yue Ji’ has mixoploid level including triploid and tetraloid. The evolution of ploidy level among cultivars indicated a positive correlation with phenotype, which was basically identical with previous research on wild rose species and modern rose cultivars. Asymmetry index ranged from 56.70% to 63.70%. The karyotypes of all cultivars were made of m and sm chromosomes, which include 1A, 2A, 1B and 2B.