柿炭疽病鉴别与防治

目的]研究柿炭疽病的鉴别与防治方法。方法]研究柿炭疽病病原及特征、侵染与发生规律、为害症状,总结其防治方法。结果]柿炭疽病病原为柿盘长孢菌,属半知菌亚门真菌。孢子萌发、入侵、菌丝体生长、产孢都需要较高的温度,最适温度为25℃,致死温度为50℃（10min）。柿炭疽病发生的强弱与寄主、环境、栽培情况等因素有关,主要为害果实和枝条。采用清洁果园、选用抗病品种和选栽无病苗木、平衡施肥、完善排灌系统、密植稀枝、利用坐地苗嫁接建园及提高嫁接部位的农业措施可控制病害的发生,病情严重则需要喷洒杀菌剂或保护剂,喷药时重点应喷施在嫩梢、果面和枝干的病斑上。结论]该研究可为柿炭疽病防治提供参考。

Identification and Control of Persimmon Anthracnose

Objective] The study aimed to research the identification of persimmon anthracnose and its controlling methods. Method] The pathogen and characteristics,infection and occurrence law,damage symptoms of persimmon anthracnose were stated simply and the methods for controlling the disease were summed up. Result]The pathogen of persimmon anthracnose was Gloeosporium kaki Hori,belonging to Deuteromycotina. The spore germination and invasion,the sporulation and the mycelial growth all required a higher temperature,with the optimum temperature of 25 ℃ and the lethal temperature of 50 ℃ (10 min). The occurrence strength of persimmon anthracnose related with the factors such as host,environment,culture circumstances,mainly doing harm to the fruits and branches. The occurrence of the disease could controlled by such agricultural measures as cleaning the orchard,using the resistant varieties and planting the disease-free seedlings,adopting the balanced fertilization,improving the irrigation and drainage systems,conducting the dense planting and thin branches,building the garden with grafting the ground seedlings and raising the grafted parts of the stock. In a serious condition of the disease it needed to spray the fungicides or protective agent for the control of the persimmon anthracnose. The fungicides should be mainly sprayed on the scab of the shoot,fruit surface and branches. Conclusion] The study provided the reference for the control of the persimmon anthracnose.