东京都23区综合公园周边商业设施的分布特征研究

  目的  在城市发展进程中，综合公园的使用与功能不再局限于其实际形态边界，而是逐渐与外部商业设施建立联系并共同成为城市更新与发展的推动力。分析外部商业设施分布特征并识别其与综合公园之间的潜在规律和联系，可为未来公园与商业设施规划建设提供重要依据。  方法  以东京都23区19座综合公园为研究对象，基于大数据获取，使用核密度估算、空间插值方法，定量分析综合公园周边商业设施的分布特征，结合综合公园自身特点、相关政策和本土文化等进行定性考察，总结商业设施分布特征与公园的联系。  结果  （1）城市发展早期阶段，宏观政策侧重于建立城市形象、防灾体系，促使综合公园周边商业用地规模大且与公园结合紧密，至中、后期转向解决城市问题、更新城市环境，促使综合公园周边商业用地规模小且与公园结合松散。（2）突出主题的综合公园促进周边商业设施集聚，在以历史为主题的公园周边表现为高集聚规模与程度、单集聚中心，在以功能和景观为主题的综合公园周边表现为集聚规模与程度低、多中心集聚。（3）综合公园功能设置与业态的集聚需求相匹配时，促使周边集聚需求强的商业设施集聚规模与程度高、集聚中心相对集中，促使集聚需求弱或不具备集聚需求的业态呈相反情况。（4）综合公园周边商业地价表现为中心区高于非中心区、非中心区内西高东低，89.48%的综合公园周边商业地价低于所在区平均地价，功能配置丰富的综合公园周边通常伴有地价高值产生。  结论  在规划层面，建议基于城市发展阶段及核心问题，制定与实际情况契合、与后续建设连贯的规划方案。在建设层面，建议公园配置回应城市及周边环境的使用需求，引导适宜类型的商业设施向综合公园周边集聚，实现二者作为整体促进城市有机更新和可持续平衡发展。 

Distribution characteristics of commercial facilities around the comprehensive parks in 23 districts of Tokyo

Objective]In the process of urban development,the use and function of comprehensive parks are no longer limited to their actual form boundaries,but gradually establish a relationship with external commercial facilities and jointly become the driving force of urban renewal and development.The analysis of distribution characteristics of commercial facilities around comprehensive parks and defining the potential connections between them can provide an important basis for planning and construction in the future.Method]Taking 19 comprehensive parks in the 23 districts of Tokyo as research objects,basing on comprehensive park positioning,land price,commercial facility POI data,and using kernel density estimation and spatial interpolation method, this paper quantitatively analyzes the distribution characteristicsof commercial facilities around comprehensive parks. Combined with the characteristics of parks, relevantpolicies and local culture, this paper summarizes the relationship between distribution characteristics ofcommercial facilities and comprehensive parks. Result] (1) In the early stage of urban development, themacro policy focused on the establishment of city image and disaster prevention system, so as to make thecommercial land around comprehensive parks large and closely integrated with parks. In the middle and laterstages, the macro policy turned to solve the urban problems and update the urban environment, and made thecommercial land around the comprehensive park small and loosely integrated with the park.(2) Comprehensive parks with prominent themes promoted the agglomeration of surrounding commercialfacilities, which were manifested as high scale and degree of agglomeration and single agglomeration centeraround parks with history as theme, and low scale and degree of agglomeration and multi-centeragglomeration around comprehensive parks with function and landscape as theme. (3) When the functionalsetting of comprehensive parks matched the agglomeration demands of the commercial facilities, the scaleand degree of commercial facilities with strong agglomeration demands around the park were high and theagglomeration centers were relatively concentrated, while those with weak or no agglomeration demandswere in the opposite situation. (4) The commercial land price around comprehensive parks was higher incore center 6 districts than in sub-center districts, and lower in the west and east of sub-center districts.89.48% of the commercial land price around comprehensive parks was lower than the average land price inthe district. Extreme value of land price usually occurred around the comprehensive park with rich functionalconfiguration. Conclusion] At the planning level, we suggest to formulate a planning scheme consistentwith the actual situation and subsequent construction based on the urban development stage and core issues.At the construction level, we suggest that the park configuration should respond to the use needs of city andits surrounding environment, guide the appropriate types to gather around the comprehensive park, andrealize the two as a whole to promote the organic renewal and sustainable and balance development of city.