不同光周期条件下大豆生育期主基因的效应

以大豆生育期近等基因系为材料, 比较12 h短日照(SD)及16 h长日照(LD)条件下E1/e1、E2/e2、E3/e3、E4/e4、E5/e5、E7/e7等6对生育期相关主基因的效应。结果表明, 在大多数生育期基因型中, 显性位点延迟大豆的开花期和成熟期, 隐性位点提早开花期和成熟期。同一基因在不同遗传背景下的效应值不同, 显性位点可增强其他基因的效应, 说明各基因间存在互作。生育期基因的效应受光周期影响很大, 长日照可增强大豆生育期相关基因的效应, 短日照则相反。此外, 光周期对基因效应的影响因发育阶段不同而变化, 其中, E1基因在大豆营养生长阶段、E4基因在生殖生长阶段受光周期影响较大, 而E3基因在营养生长和生殖发育阶段均受光周期的严格调控。不同光照条件下生育期基因效应的分析结果, 可为不同生态区大豆品种生育期性状的定量设计提供依据。

Effects of Soybean Major Maturity Genes under Different Photoperiods

Maturity and its related traits are important for the yield, quality and adaptability of soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Up to now, several major genes have been identified to control the flowering and maturity time in soybean. The understanding of the maturity gene effect under different photoperiods will facilitate the qualitative design of growth period traits in soybean variety development. In this study, 39 near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from Clark and Harosoy were used to analyze the effects of 6 major maturity gene pairs including E1/e1, E2/e2, E3/e3, E4/e4, E5/e5, and E7/e7 on developmental periods of soybean. The re-sult showed that the dominant alleles tend to delay the flowering and maturity time in most of the genotypes studied. Gene effect was found to be dependent on the genetic background, and the dominant allele could strengthen the effect of other maturity genes, indicating that there were interactions between major genes. The major gene effects under long-day (LD) condition differed from those under short-day (SD). LD promoted the roles of dominant alleles and delayed the flowering and maturity while SD had the opposite effects. Additionally, the photoperiod effects were also varied in the developmental stages of soybean. E1 and E4 were sensitive to photoperiod before and after flowering respectively, whereas E3 was sensitive to photoperiod during both of the two stages.