植物ATP结合盒（ABC）转运蛋白研究进展

ABC（ATP-binding cassette）转运蛋白家族庞大，种类繁多，包括全转运子和半转运子等2种类型。全转运子的核心单元包括2个核苷酸结构域（NBD）和2个跨膜结构域（TMD），而半转运子只含有1个膜结构域（MSD）和1个NBD。植物ABC转运蛋白不仅参与植物体内激素、脂质、金属离子、次生代谢物和外源物质的运输，并且有利于植物与病原体间的相互作用和植物体内离子通道调控等重要的生理过程的进行，是一类重要的跨膜运输蛋白家族。HUGO系统中ABC家族分为A~H 8个亚族，模式植物基因组测序的完成极大促进了ABC转运蛋白的研究与发现，近几年已从多种植物中克隆了不同亚族的基因并研究其表达与功能，但目前的研究主要集中在ABCB，ABCC，ABCG等三大亚族。植物ABC转运蛋白各亚族的结构与功能截然不同，在不同植物中的表达部位也千差万别。综述了植物ABC转运蛋白家族的研究进展，根据ABC家族中已知的重要成员，系统阐述植物中各亚族ABC转运蛋白的结构特征、在植物中的表达及其生物学功能，并为今后可能的研究提出展望。表1参49

Recent advances for plant ATP-binding cassette transporters

The ATP-binding cassette（ABC） transporter family is a large protein family, including complete and half transporter proteins，with a variety of functions. The core unit of the complete ABC transporter protein contains two nucleotide-binding domains（NBDs） and two transmembrane domain（TMD） regions，while the half transporter consists of only one MSD and one NBD. The plant ABC transporter is not only relevant to transportation of hormones，lipids，metal ions, secondary metabolites, and exogenous substance in plants，but it is also beneficial to many important physiological processes, such as plant and pathogen interactions and ion channel regulation in plants. Thus, it is an important plant membrane transport protein family. The plant ABC transporter is divided into eight subfamilies（A-H）. Genome sequencing in pattern plants has enhanced the discovery and study of ABC transporter genes. In recent years various subfamily genes have been cloned from different plants followed by their expression and functional analysis. Recent studies have concentrated mainly on members of the ABCB，ABCC，and ABCG subfamilies，but the structure and function of every subfamily varies widely with their expressions differing in manifold ways. This paper summarizes recent advances in the ABC transporter family；systematically elaborates the structure，expression，and biological function of plant ABC transporter genes；and proposes further research.［Ch，1 tab. 49 ref.］