施肥对蔬菜中硝酸盐含量的影响

通过对山东省蔬菜面积较大的潍坊和青岛市的蔬菜进行了取样分析及有关的试验,结果表明:依据国家标准(GB18406 1—2001)在所测的所有样品中,蔬菜硝酸盐含量均没有超标。而依据FAO/WHO(1973年)规定,瓜果类和根茎类蔬菜硝酸盐含量均不超标,而叶菜类有近30%超标,超标蔬菜达到了生食盐渍不宜,熟食允许的程度;同一种类蔬菜露天栽培比保护地栽培的硝酸盐积累量少;氮磷钾合理配合施用能减少蔬菜硝酸盐积累。本文提出了控制蔬菜硝酸盐积累的施肥措施。

The effect of applying fertilizer on the nitrate content in vegetables

We have carried the experiments and analyzed the nitrate content of vegetable sample getting from the city of Weifang and Qingdao where vegetable planted in large area. The result showed that the nitrate content of all sample had not exceeded the criterion of China (GB18406.1-2001). According the regulation of FAO/WHO (1973), the nitrate content of melon, fruit and rootstalk vegetable have not exceeded the criterion, but the leaf vegetable have exceeded the criterion about 30 percentage .The vegetable nitrate content exceeding the criterion can not be eaten in rawness but can be eaten by cooked. To the same vegetable, planting open the air accumulated little nitrate than planting in the greenhouse. Fertilization in the proper proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can decrease the accumulation of nitrate in vegetable. This paper put forward a fertilization measure to control the accumulation of nitrate in vegetable.