笼养白冠长尾雉人工孵化和育雏技术初探

2015—2018年,在湖南省雉类繁殖基地对人工饲养的白冠长尾雉404枚卵进行了人工孵化和育雏研究。结果表明:白冠长尾雉每只雌雉平均产卵数为15.53枚,平均卵重29.48 g,卵受精率均值83.41%,人工孵化的孵化率均值82.49%,1龄幼雏的成活率均值83.47%。人工孵化温度为(37.8±0.1)℃,孵化湿度为50%—60%,孵化时间为24—25 d,白冠长尾雉在人工孵化过程中平均失重率为13.1%。白冠长尾雉幼雉破壳体重18.48—23.61 g,1—2日龄体重会有轻度下降(17.8—22.29 g),15日龄后进入快速生长发育期,30日龄达到117.3 g(106.27—175.11 g),45日龄前,育雏室采用电地暖进行控温,通风系统用于通风换气,育雏室温度随着日龄增加而逐步下降,直至降到常温。采用人工孵化与育雏技术有利于提高白冠长尾雉的繁育率和成活率,对于白冠长尾雉种群的快速复壮有重要意义。

The Preliminary Exploration of Artificial Incubation and Rearing of Reeves s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii)in Captivivity

From 2015 to 2018,we studied the artificial incubation and rearing of reeves s pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii).We studied 404 eggs at the Pheasant Breeding Base of Hunan Province.Female reeves s pheasant lay 16 eggs on average,with mean weights of 29.5 g.The average fertility rate was 83.5%,and the average hatching rate of healthy chicks was 82.5% by artificial incubation.The average survival rate of nestlings to one-year was 83.5%.Incubation temperature and humidity were 37.8±0.1℃ and 50-60%,respectively.The incubation period was 24-25 d and the average weight loss of eggs was 13.1% during incubation.Birth weight at hatching was 18.5-23.6 g,which decreased slightly on day 1 or day 2 to 17.8 and 22.3 g,respectively.Body weight of nestlings increased rapidly after 15 days of age and reached 117.3 g(range 106.3 to 175.1 g)at 30 days.For the first 45 days,electric ground heating was used to control temperature in the nestling room,and a ventilation system is used for air circulation.The temperature of the nestling room was gradually lowered with increasing age of chicks until it reached normal room temperature.Artificial incubation and rearing helped to raise the breeding rate and the survival rate,and this proved important for rapid recovery of reeves s pheasant.