沼液替代化肥对甜瓜产量品质及养分吸收的影响

以"绿宝石"薄皮甜瓜为试材,采用田间小区随机区组试验,设置5个处理(CK:不施肥,CF:常规施肥,FR:化肥减量,BS:沼液替代,BR:沼液减量),研究了集约化养猪场粪肥和废水发酵后的沼液通过水肥一体化管道施用替代化肥对日光温室栽培甜瓜产量、品质及养分吸收的影响。结果表明:1)不同处理间甜瓜根、茎、叶、果实的干物质量和养分含量及养分携出量均无显著差异,甜瓜温室栽培下每形成1 000 kg经济产量对N、P2O5、K2O吸收量分别为4.16~4.68、1.04~1.36、7.07~7.85 kg,N、P2O5、K2O需求比例平均为1∶0.30∶1.72。2)不同处理间甜瓜单果质量和产量均无显著差异;BS、BR处理甜瓜可溶性总糖含量、可溶性固形物含量、糖酸比较CF处理显著提高。3)BS、BR和FR处理节本增收效果显著,较CF处理分别增效26.77%、8.49%和3.37%;BR和FR处理N、P、K养分利用率较CF处理分别提高12.47%、9.84%、15.26%和11.10%、9.62%、41.47%。综上,沼液水肥一体化可以完全替代化肥追施,实现沼液资源化利用。

Effects of Chemical Fertilizers Replacement by Biogas Slurry on Yield,Quality and Nutrient Uptake of Muskmelon

Taking thin-skinned muskmelon’Green Gem’as test material,the randomized block field experiment was used.Five treatments(CK(check without fertilizer),CF(conventional fertilization),FR(fertilizers reduction),BS(biogas slurry replacement),BR(biogas slurry reduction))were set up,and the effect of biogas slurry fertilized by intensive pig farm and fermented wastewater on the yield,quality and nutrient uptake of muskmelon grown in greenhouse were studied.The results showed that,1)there was no significant difference in dry matter,nutrient contents and nutrient uptakesin roots,stems,leaves and fruits of muskmelon in different treatments.The absorption of N,P2O5 and K2O for each 1 000 kg economic output of the muskmelons was 4.16-4.68 kg,1.04-1.36 kg and 7.07-7.85 kg,respectively;and the average ratio of N,P2O5 and K2O was 1∶0.30∶1.72 under greenhouse cultivation.2)No significant difference was observed in single fruit weight and yield of muskmelon in different treatments.The soluble total sugar content,soluble solids content and sugar-acid ratio of muskmelon biogas slurry replacement(BS)and reduction(BR)treatments were significantly higher than conventional fertilization treatment.3)The biogas slurry(BS,BR)treatments and fertilizer reduction(FR)treatment had a significant effect on the costs savings and increased benefits,which was 26.77%,8.49%and 3.37%higher than that of the conventional fertilizer(CF)treatment.Meanwhile,the nutrient utilization rates of N,P and K were increased by 12.47%,9.84%,15.26%,respectively in BR treatment and by 11.10%,9.62%,41.47%in FR treatment,when compared with the conventional fertilization(CF).In summary,the biogas slurry could completely replace chemical fertilizers and realize the utilization of biogas slurry resources.