土壤有效钾的吸附特征与钾肥有效性的研究

应用化学分析、吸附试验和生物诊断方法及田间验证，系统研究了3种土壤钾的丰缺状况及钾的有效性和利用率。结果表明，3种土壤有效钾含量和对钾吸附能力为黑土＞淡黑钙土＞风砂土。由于土壤有效钾含量和吸附反应不同，钾生物有效性表现出较大差异。施钾风砂土增产49.4％，淡黑钙上增产273％，黑土增产13.1％。田间试验亦有相同趋势，在风砂土、淡黑钙土和黑土试验地上施用钾肥分别使玉米增产39.1％、24.5％和14.9％。最大产量钾肥施用量，黑土和谈黑钙土为100kg／hm2，其利用率为33.1％和38.9％，风砂土为50kg／hm2，其利用率为61.0％。

POTASSIUM ADSORPTION CHARACTERISTICS AND POTASSIUM FERTILXZER EFFICIENCY IN THREE SOILS

By using the systematic approach, including soil chemical analysis, soil adsorption study and greenhouse and field experiments, potassium(K) status and its availability in three selected soils from Jilin Province was evaluated, and the potessium fertilizer use efficiency in these soils was verified. Result indicated that soil available K content and soil adsorption capability to K followed the same order: black soil> light chernozem soil> aeolian sandy soil. In the greenhouse experiment, K applicaion increased dry matter yield of sorghum plant by 49. 4% in the aeolian snady soil, 27. 3% in the light chernozem soil, and 13. 1% in the black soil. Same trend was found from the field experiment, K application increased corn yield by 39. 1% in the aeolian sandy soil, 24. 5% in the light chernozem soil, and 14. 9% in the black soil. For the highest corn yield, 100 kg K₂O was needed in the black soil and chernozem soil with K utilization rate (recovery rate) of 33.1% and 38. 9%.respectively, while 50 kg K₂O needed in the aeolian sandy soil with utilization rate of 61.0 %.