切实维护我国南海渔业权益的战略思考

我国南海位于3°11’N～23°35’N、98°00’E～120°15’E之间,南北跨越20多个纬度,长约2900公里,东西宽约1600公里,平均水深1212米,最大水深5559米,面积350万平方公里,它自古以来就属于中国。中国渔民在南沙海域从事渔业开发活动至今已有2000多年历史,但从二十世纪70年代开始,南沙海域蕴藏的丰富油气资源被发现后,南海周边的某些国家为了自身利益,不顾历史事实,开始对南沙群岛主权提出无理要求,并采取军事行动侵占岛礁、控制海域。中国的南沙群岛及附近海域逐步形成了"岛礁被占领、海域被分割、资源被掠夺、渔业被袭扰"的不利局面,维护中国南沙群岛主权权益开始面临复杂严峻的态势。对此,中国政府公开提出"主权属我,搁置争议,共同开发"的主张,审时度势制定了"突出存在","开发南沙,渔业先行"的南沙维权斗争方略。作者简要总结了南海海洋渔业资源以及开发利用现状,分析了南海渔业发展面临的主要问题,并据此提出了几点南海渔业发展战略与对策建议。

On Maintenance of Fishery Rights and Benefits of China in the South China Sea

The South China Sea has been territory of China since the ancient times, and the Chinese fishermen have been fishing in this water area for more than 2 000 years. However, when rich oil and gas reserves were discovered in 1970s, countries bordering the South China Sea began to claim their rights over the Nansha Islands, unreasonably ignoring the historical facts. They also took military measures to seize the islands and control the sea areas. China＇ s Nansha Islands and its surrounding area were thus dragged into an unfavorable status of ＂islands being occupied, sea area divided, resources robbed and fishery harassed＂. China is now facing a complicated and austere situation in maintaining our sovereign rights and benefits over the Nansha Islands. To cope with this situation, Chinese government put forward the concept ＂sovereignty belonging to China, putting aside disputes and joint development＂, and made the strategy for Nansha Islands as ＂highlighting existence＂, ＂developing Nansha Islands, fishery first＂. This paper focuses on the South China Sea fishery by summarizing the current status of resource utilization, analyzing the major issues for future development, and putting forward strategies and policy recommendations.