干旱荒漠区沙地衬膜种植草坪的技术研究

河西走廊地区非常干旱,并且年蒸发量是降水量的20多倍,土壤含沙量高,灌水后渗漏严重,保水性差,致使草坪种植用水量增大,成本高,且种植的草坪质量不佳。在该区的干旱荒漠区沙地使用沙地底层衬膜、喷灌等节水技术,进行草坪种植试验,并与传统的大水漫灌进行田间试验比较。结果表明:沙地底层衬膜节水种植草坪的技术,可以明显节约用水(只需传统漫灌的1/3),在此基础上加上喷灌系统,需水量只需传统漫灌的1/4。对3种方法种植的草坪质量进行了观测,观察项目包括成坪性、叶绿素含量、分蘖数、均一性、抗病性、质地等。最后采用灰色关联度评定法进行评定,结果表明:在沙地底层衬膜技术的基础上加上喷灌系统,种植的草坪质量最佳。沙地底层衬膜节水种植草坪技术虽然在第1年需要较大的人力投资,但如果地膜使用寿命按15年计算,由于种植效果明显优于常规种植方法,所以经济效益极其显著。从长远看,沙地底层衬膜节水种植草坪技术不仅经济效益好,而且每年可节约灌水约5000m~3·hm~(-2),为沙地实行节水栽培奠定了良好的基础。

The Techniques For Planting Lawn with Film-Bottomed Tillage and Water Saving Irrigation in sandy land of Arid Desert Region

The climate of Hexi corridor is very dry, and the evaporation is 20 times of the precipitation. The earth being sandy causes continuously seepage loss and poor water protection, which leads to larger amount of water consumption in turf planting, high cost and poor_quality turf. In this region, the experiment of turf planting was conducted with the water_saving techniques, such as spray irrigation, film_bottomed tillage. Compared with the traditional water flood irrigation, it indicated that film_bottomed tillage irrigation can largely improve water_saving (only 1/3 of the water of the wild flooding irrigation). The film_bottomed tillage irrigation and spray irrigation were employed at the same time, only 1/4 of the water was needed in comparison with the flood irrigation. The quality of grassland planted by three measures was observed, including overlay degree, chlorophyll content, number of tillering, homogeneity, quality, disease_resistance, etc. Through evaluating the turf by using the correlative method of the Grey Systematic Theory, we found that the turf quality was the best with the film_bottomed tillage irrigation and spray irrigation combined. Although the technique of turf plant with film_bottomed tillage and water saving irrigation need much manpower investment for the first year, but the life of film is according to 15 years, this planting effect is much better than the general planting method, economical benefit is very prominent. From long run, this technique has more economical benefit, can save water 5 000 m~35hm~(-2) per year, and establish the well foundation of water saving irrigation in the arid desert region.