长江经济带中部大都市气候变化与土地利用响应——以武汉市为例

采用单窗算法、监督分类法及Logistic回归模型,以长江经济带典型大都市武汉为研究区,对其1996—2016年热岛效应的时空演变特征及其与土地利用类型和不同建设用地类型间的关系进行了定量研究。结果表明:1)从时间序列看,武汉热岛面积和强度有随时间逐步增加的趋势;从空间分布格局上看,武汉热岛逐渐向中心城区集聚并沿中心城区向四周扩散。2)建设用地分布与热岛分布具有一致性。建设用地扩张可明显导致热岛效应加剧,而绿地和水体对热岛效应具有明显的缓解作用。3)交通运输用地对热岛效应增加贡献最为明显,工矿仓储和公共管理与公共服务用地也可导致热岛效应的增强;住宅、商服用地未表现出明显的增强作用。因此,为缓解城市热岛效应,在宏观上,要保障一定数量比例的城市绿地以减缓温度攀升;在微观上,城市规划要合理布置各类型的建设用地,建设点片状小绿地、口袋公园。

Climate change and land use response of metropolis of the Yangtze River Economic Belt: A case study of Wuhan

Using Mono-Window algorithm, supervised classification and logistic regression model, Wuhan, a typical metropolis in the Yangtze River economic belt, was taken as the research area. The spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of heat island effect and its relationship with land use types and different construction land types were quantitatively studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1)In terms of time series, the area and intensity of Wuhan heat island have a tendency to gradually increase with time; from the perspective of spatial distribution pattern, Wuhan heat island gradually gathers in the central urban area and spreads around it. 2)The distribution of construction land is consistent with that of heat island. The expansion of construction land can obviously aggravate the heat island effect, and green space and water bodies have a significant mitigation effect on the heat island effect. 3)Transportation contribute the most to the increase of heat island effect. The industrial and mining storage land, public management and public service land can also lead to the enhancement of the heat island effect, while the residential and commercial land have not shown obvious enhancement. Therefore, in order to alleviate the urban heat island effect, on the macro level, it is necessary to ensure a certain proportion of urban green space to slow down the temperature rise; on the micro level, it is necessary to reasonably arrange various types of construction land and build small patches of green space and pocket parks in urban planning.