自渗牛床表层垫料对夏季奶水牛站立与躺卧行为的影响

为研发一种自渗牛床以维持表层垫料的清洁与干燥,增加奶水牛躺卧时间,提高福利化养殖水平,随机选择体况与体重基本一致的杂交奶水牛30头,平均分成2组,分别饲养在河沙牛床与河沙/木屑牛床上,探索不同厚度河沙与木屑垫料对夏季奶水牛站立与躺卧行为偏好的影响。结果表明,奶水牛在15cm厚河沙牛床(S15)上躺卧7.55h/d,显著高于20cm厚河沙牛床(S20)的4.58h/d和10cm厚河沙牛(S10a)的0.42h/d(P0.05),在采食通道上躺卧仅0.03h/d。与三类河沙牛床相比,奶水牛在采食通道上的非采食站立时间显著较高(P0.05)。在河沙/木屑牛床上,奶水牛偏好选择在10cm厚河沙牛床(S10b)上躺卧(8.63h/d),其后是15cm(WS15)与20cm(WS20)厚的木屑牛床,每天躺卧时间分别是2.01和1.26h;采食通道上躺卧时间仅为0.1h/d。采食通道有显著高于各牛床上的粪便量(P0.05)。综上,在炎热夏季,河沙比木屑更适合作为奶水牛的牛床垫料;自渗牛床上铺15cm厚河沙垫料增加奶水牛躺卧时间;舍内增设专门的采食通道承载了更多的牛粪,保护了自渗牛床垫料的干燥与清洁度。

Effects of surface materials above self-draining beds on standing and lying behaviors of dairy buffalo in summer

In order to keep bedding materials dry and clean, a self-draining beds were constructed to increase the lying time of buffalo, and improve the level of their health and welfare. Thirty healthy buffaloes with similar body condition and body weight were randomly assigned to barns covered with river sand and sand/wood shavings to study their effects on standing and lying behavior preference in summer. The results demonstrated that: buffaloes lay 7. 55 h/d in 15 cm thick sand bed(S-15), which was significantly higher than 4. 58 h/d in 20 cm thick sand bed(S-20)and 0. 42 h/d in 10 cm thick beds(S-10a)(P<0. 01), and lay only 0. 03 h/d in the feed alley. Compared with the three types of river sand bed, the standing time of buffalo on the feeding alley was significantly higher(P<0. 05). On the sand/wood shavings bed, dairy buffaloes preferred to lie on the 10 cm thick sand bed(S-10b, 8. 63 h/d), followed by the 15 cm(WS15)and 20 cm(WS20)wood shavings beds. And the daily lying time was 2. 01 and 1. 26 h, respectively. Daily amount of feces in the feed alley was significantly greater than that of the other three beds(S-10a, S-15 and S-20; S-10b, WS-15 and WS-20)(P<0. 01). In conclusion, in summer, sand is more suitable as bedding material than wood shavings in summer. Laying 15 cm thick sand above the self-draining beds increased the lying time of buffalo. A special feed alley for feeding and defecation can keep bedding material dry and clean to increase lying comfort for dairy buffaloes.